International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology
Volume 15, Issue 3

Antibacterial Efficiency of the Extracts of Euphorbia condylocarpa Tuber Roots and Leaves on Three Multidrug Resistance Bacterial Isolates using Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Techniques

Halala R Qader1, Abdulghany O I Sarmmamy2

1Department of Health and Environmental Science, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq

2Department of Biology, College of Science, Salahaddin University, Erbil, Iraq 

Received: 23rd Jun, 2025; Revised: 11th Aug, 2025; Accepted: 23rd Aug, 2025; Available Online: 25th Sep, 2025 

ABSTRACT

The perform study was executed to inspect the phytochemical complement, antimicrobial activity of chloroform (ChL), ethyl acetate (EA), as well as ethanol (ET) extracts in the leaves and root tubers of spurge E. condylocarpa along with green synthesis, characterization and antibacterial attain of zinc oxide nanoparticles on multidrug-resistant bacterial isolates such as staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Escherichia coli by Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MIC). The inclined ZnO NPs were categorized along UV-vis, FT-IR, SEM, XRD, together with EDX. This experiment applied in the laboratories of Biology Department, College of Science Salahaddin University, and conducted according to a completely randomized design (CRD) with three replications. E.condylocarpa leaves and root tubers have been retainer as reducing, capping and stabilizing agents, the configuration of ZnO NPs portrait by shift in color from dark yellow to yellowish white. X-ray diffraction (XRD) valid the crystallinity of ZnO NPs. FT-IR spectroscopy corroborated the functional groups of leaves and root tubers extracts Qualitative phytochemicals analysis focuses on the presence or absent of several chemical groups in the plant parts. Total condensed tannin, and total phenol was done in both parts. The results showed that the amount of total condensed tannin was more in leaves as comparison to root tubers, while total phenolic content in ethanol extract more than in ethyl acetate then in chloroform in both leaves and root tubers. The crude extracts of leaves and root tubers showed that the plant contains different phytochemicals such as terpenoids, steroids, saponin, flavonoids, phenol, tannin, coumarins, quinone, and alkaloids. The lowest significant MIC values with E. coli was 4.17 mg/ml for ethanol leaf extract of E. condylocarpa.

Keywords: Euphorbia condylocarpa, ZnO Nanoparticles, Antibacterial activity, Medicinal plants, Bacteria.

How to cite this article: Halala R Qader, Abdulghany O I Sarmmamy. Antibacterial Efficiency of the Extracts of Euphorbia condylocarpa Tuber Roots and Leaves on Three Multidrug Resistance Bacterial Isolates using Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticle Techniques. International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology. 2025;15(3):1006-16. doi: 10.25258/ijddt.15.3.15

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