Development of Multi-particulate Formulation of Glabridin with L-Phenylalanine and Its Pre-clinical Evaluation for Anti-obesity Activity
Vyas UB*, Khobragade KS, Vyas PU
Datta Meghe College of Pharmacy, Sawangi (Meghe), Wardha, Maharashtra, India
Received: 11th August, 2023; Revised: 29th October, 2023; Accepted: 19th February, 2024; Available Online: 25th March, 2024
ABSTRACT
Obesity is a chronic condition that is defined by pathophysiological mechanisms that lead to an increase in adipose tissue mass as a result of positive energy balance. Obesity is a multi-factorial disorder involving different mechanisms of action like humoral and neurogenic actions. Hypertrophied and hyperplastic adipocytes are indicative of pathological obesity. In the current treatment regimen, the drugs used mainly focus on a single mechanism of action. Herbal medicines are reported to have anti-obesity activity but due to the presence of multiple phytoconstituents its very difficult for one to finalize the dose and issue of palatability. So the best solution is to focus on usage of active phytoconstituent as an anti-obesity medicine. A high protein diet proved to have anti-obesity activity, the main constituent responsible for this activity is L-phenylalanine which is an essential amino acid that produces its activity by stimulating the satiety centre and thus decreases food intake.
In this study, we are combining glabridin from Glycyrrhiza glabra and L-phenylalanine as both show anti-obesity activity through different action mechanisms, which may result in synergism. The study aims to prepare multi-particulate system (granules) of glabridin with L-phenylalanine and evaluate their anti-obesity and hypo-lipidemic action in HFD-treated rats.
Keywords: Multi particulate formulation, Glabridin, L-phenylaline, Anti-obesity activity. International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology (2024); DOI: 10.25258/ijddt.14.1.27
How to cite this article: Vyas UB, Khobragade KS, Vyas PU. Development of Multi-particulate Formulation of Glabridin with L-Phenylalanine and Its Pre-clinical Evaluation for Anti-obesity Activity. International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology. 2024;14(1):183-187.
REFERENCES
- Ahirwar R, Mondal PR. Prevalence of obesity in India: A systematic review. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews. 2019;13(1):318-21.
- Borah AK, Sharma P, Singh A, Kalita KJ, Saha S, Borah Adipose and non-adipose perspectives of plant derived natural compounds for mitigation of obesity. Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 2021;280:114410.
- Lim DW, Song M, Park J, Park SW, Kim NH, Gaire BP, et al. Anti-obesity effect of HT048, a herbal combination, in high fat diet-induced obese rats. Molecules. 2012;17(12):14765-77.
- Cao X-j, Huang X-c, Wang X. Effectiveness of Chinese herbal medicine granules and traditional Chinese medicine–based psychotherapy for perimenopausal depression in Chinese women: a randomized controlled Menopause. 2019;26(10):1193-203.
- Zhang J, Wu X, Zhong B, Liao Q, Wang X, Xie Y, et Review on the diverse biological effects of glabridin. Drug Design, Development and Therapy. 2023:15-37.
- Wang M, Zhang F, Zhou J, Gong K, Chen S, Zhu X, et al. Glabridin Ameliorates Alcohol-Caused Liver Damage by Reducing Oxidative Stress and Inflammation via p38 MAPK/ Nrf2/NF-κB Pathway. Nutrients. 2023;15(9):2157.
- Lee J-W, Choe SS, Jang H, Kim J, Jeong HW, Jo H, et al. AMPK activation with glabridin ameliorates adiposity and lipid dysregulation in obesity. Journal of lipid research. 2012;53(7):1277-86.
- Choi LS, Jo IG, Kang KS, Im JH, Kim J, Kim J, et Discovery and pre-clinical efficacy of HSG4112, a synthetic structural analog of glabridin, for the treatment of obesity. International Journal of Obesity. 2021;45(1):130-42.
- Kubota K, Mizukoshi T, Miyano H. A new approach for quantitative analysis of L-phenylalanine using a novel semi-sandwich immunometric assay. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2013;405(25):8093-103.
- Weiser D, Bencze LC, Banoczi G, Ender F, Kiss R, Kokai E, et al. Phenylalanine Ammonia-Lyase-Catalyzed Deamination of an Acyclic Amino Acid: Enzyme Mechanistic Studies Aided by a Novel Microreactor Filled with Magnetic Nanoparticles. Chembiochem. 2015;16(16):2283-8.
- Alamshah A, Spreckley E, Norton M, Kinsey-Jones J, Amin A, Ramgulam A, et al. L-phenylalanine modulates gut hormone release and glucose tolerance, and suppresses food intake through the calcium-sensing receptor in International Journal of Obesity. 2017;41(11):1693-701.
- Malik ZA, Sharma PL. An ethanolic extract from licorice (glycyrrhiza glabra) exhibits anti-obesity effects by decreasing dietary fat absorption in a high fat diet-induced obesity rat International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. 2011;2(11):3010.
- Ahn J, Lee H, Jang J, Kim S, Ha T. Anti-obesity effects of glabridin-rich supercritical carbon dioxide extract of licorice in high-fat-fed obese mice. Food and chemical toxicology. 2013;51:439-45.
- Norton The effects of high protein diets and L-Phenylalanine on energy and glucose homeostasis. 2019.
- Wang Y, Liu Y, Lv Q, Zheng D, Zhou L, Ouyang W, et Effect and safety of Chinese herbal medicine granules in patients with severe coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China: a retrospective, single-center study with propensity score matching. Phytomedicine. 2021;85:153404.
- Yang X, Wang S, Qi L, Chen S, Du K, Shang Y, et An efficient method for qualitation and quantitation of multi-components of the herbal medicine Qingjin Yiqi Granules. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis. 2023;227:115288.
- Shen Z, Zheng K, Zou J, Gu P, Xing J, Zhang L, et al. Chinese herbal extract granules combined with 5-aminosalicylic acid for patients with moderately active ulcerative colitis: study protocol for a multicenter randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Trials. 2021;22:1-9.
- Kandale J., Sangashetty J., Mahaparale P., Phytochemical Evaluation of Extracts and Pharmacological Activity of Polyherbal Emulgel. IJPQA. 2023;2: 341-345.
- Rani , Sharma N., Singh S., Grewal A.S. Therapeutic potential of vitamin c: An overview of various biological activities. Int. J. Pharm. Qual. Assur. 2019;10:605–612.
- Mehata A., Jain N., Grobler A. Role of Novel Drug Delivery Systems in Bioavailability Enhancement: At A Glance. Int. J. Pharm. Drug Del. Tech. 2016;6(1):7-26.
- Khulood The Effect of Oral Administration of Green Tea and Ginger Extracts on Blood Glucose in Diabetic Rats. Int. J. Pharm. Drug Del. Tech. 2019;9(3):418-423