International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology
Volume 14, Issue 2

Characterization and Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory Melinjo Seed Extract Nanoparticles

Iwan Setiawan1,3*, Dwi Saryanti1, Hazrina2, Miftakhul Sholikhah3

1Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Nasional, Center of Java, Indonesia.

2Department of Clinical Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Lincoln University, Malaysia.

3Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sekolah Tinggi Ilmu Kesehatan Nasional, Center of Java, Indonesia. 

Received: 10th January, 2023; Revised: 29th March, 2024; Accepted: 16th May, 2024; Available Online: 25th June, 2024 

ABSTRACT

Melinjo seed extract is rich in various active compounds, including trans-resveratrol, commonly known as “melinjo resveratrol,” with antioxidant and antimicrobial pharmacological functions. However, a comprehensive exploration of the anti-inflammatory potential of melinjo seed extract has not been conducted. Converting melinjo seed extract into nanoparticles offers distinct advantages, including the ability to permeate intercellular spaces and higher cell walls through diffusion or opsonification. This flexibility allows for synergies with various technologies, presenting extensive potential for diverse applications and targets. Therefore, this experimental research aimed to obtain an extract from melinjo seed through an extraction process and apply it in nanoparticle dosage forms. Characterization was performed by evaluating the particle size, zeta potential, surface morphology, and anti-inflammatory activity. The results showed that the nanoparticles were successfully prepared using the ionic gelation method, yielding a particle size of 267.5 nm, a stable potential zeta, and well-defined spherical morphology. Additionally, the nanoparticles produced the highest anti-inflammatory activity compared to treatments with conventional melinjo seed extract and sodium diclofenac.

Keywords: Melinjo seed extract, Nanoparticles, Anti-inflammatory.

International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology (2024); DOI: 10.25258/ijddt.14.2.21

How to cite this article: Setiawan I, Saryanti D, Hazrina, Sholikhah M. Characterization and Evaluation of Anti-inflammatory Melinjo Seed Extract Nanoparticles. International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology. 2024;14(2):732-736.

REFERENCES

  1. Kato H, Samizo M, Kawabata R, Takano F, Ohta T. 2011. Stilbenoids from the melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) fruit modulate cytokine production in murine peyer’s patch cells ex Planta Med. 77(10):1027-1034
  2. Terkeltaub, R. 2010.Update on gout: new therapeutic strategies and options. Nat. Rev. Rheumatol. 6: 30-38
  3. Bhat R, binti Yahya N. Evaluating belinjau (Gnetum gnemon L.) seed flour quality as a base for development of novel food products and food formulations. Food chemistry. 2014 Aug 1;156:42-9.
  4. Ikuta T, Saito S, Tani H, Tatefuji T, Hashimoto K. Resveratrol derivative-rich melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) seed extract improves obesity and survival of C57BL/6 mice fed a high-fat diet. Bioscience, biotechnology, and biochemistry. 2015 Dec 2;79(12):2044-2049.
  5. Narayan, Kazuhiro K,3, Yukio Y, Mari, Hideki M, Kazuki N, George M, Upender M, Amit K & Bhagavathi 2015. Antitumor activity of melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) seed extract in human and murine tumor models in vitro and in a colon-26 tumor-bearing mouse model in vivo. Cancer Medicine published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Available at : https://www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4674003/pdf/cam400041767.pdf
  6. Kato E, Tokunaga Y, Sakan F. Stilbenoids isolated from the seeds of melinjo (Gnetum gnemon L.) and their biological activity. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2009 Mar 25;57(6):2544-2549.
  7. Tatefuji T, Yanagihara M, Fukushima S, Hashimoto K. 2014. Safety assessment of melinjo (Gnetum gnemon ) seed extract: acute and subchronic toxicity studies. Food Chem Toxicol. 67(230-5). doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.02.030.
  8. Martien R, Adhyatmika, Iramie D. K. Irianto, Verda Farid3, Dian 2012. Technology Developments Nanoparticles as Drug Delivery Systems. Majalah Farmaseutik Vol. 8 No. 1.
  9. Buzea, , Blandino, I.I.P., dan Robbie, K., 2007, Nanomaterial and nanoparticles: sources and toxicity, Biointerphases, 2: MR170– MR172.
  10. Singh K, Verma S, Prasad S, Bala I. Novel formulation development and evaluation of nanoparticles based in situ gelling system for the ophthalmic delivery of ciprofloxacin Int J Drug Deliv Technol. 2015;5:126-131.doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.v5i4.8880
  11. Atun S, Arianingrum R. Synthesis nanoparticles of chloroform fraction from Kaempferia rotunda rhizome loaded chitosan and biological activity as an antioxidant. Int J Drug Deliv Technol. 2015;5(4):138-142. https://doi.org/10.25258/ijddt.v5i4.8882
  12. Tatefuji T, Yanagihara M, Fukushima S, Hashimoto K. 2014. Safety assessment of melinjo (Gnetum gnemon ) seed extract: acute and subchronic toxicity studies. Food Chem Toxicol. 67(230-5). doi: 10.1016/j.fct.2014.02.030.