Current Updates on the Therapeutic Potential of Diosgenin
Sowmya C*, Thirumal V, Preetika S, Epsiba A
Department of Pharmaceutics, Sri Ramachandra Faculty of Pharmacy, Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Porur, Chennai, India.
Received: 24th December, 2023; Revised: 16th February, 2024; Accepted: 14th May, 2024; Available Online: 25th June, 2024
ABSTRACT
Diosgenin (DG) is a naturally occurring steroid saponin that can be obtained from several plants. A lot of the artificial steroidal drugs that are used extensively in the pharmaceutical industry come from diosgenin for the treatment of various disease conditions. DG has various intriguing pharmacological effects, including anticancer, antidepressant, and anti-inflammatory and anti-infectious capabilities. Apart from its health advantages, DG is challenging to utilize in therapeutic applications due to its poor water solubility, bioavailability, and rapid physiological change. The DG nanotechnology for medicine formulations has been tested as a possible therapy for a variety of disorders employing a broad range of ex-vivo, in-vitro, and in-vivo models and delivery methods. Based on this analysis, it is possible to infer that DG is a viable therapeutic alternative for the management of numerous ailments, such as diabetes, cancer, neurological conditions, inflammatory diseases, and skin conditions.
Keywords: Diosgenin, Steroid saponin, Anticancer, Anti-inflammatory, Therapeutic potential of diosgenin.
International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology (2024); DOI: 10.25258/ijddt.14.2.78
How to cite this article: Sowmya C, Thirumal V, Preetika S, Epsiba A. Current Updates on the Therapeutic Potential of Diosgenin. International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology. 2024;14(2):1124-1129.
REFERENCES
- Shelar MK, Patil MJ, Bhujbal Isolation and Characterization of Phytoconstituents from the Plant Excoecaria agallocha Linn. International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology. 2023;13(3):869–74.
- Dudareva N, Negre F, Nagegowda DA, Orlova I, Dudareva N, Negre F. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences Plant Volatiles : Recent Advances and Future Perspectives Plant Volatiles : Recent Advances and Future Perspectives. 2007.
- Jiang S, Fan J, Wang Q. Diosgenin induces ROSdependent autophagy and cytotoxicity via mTOR signaling pathway in chronic myeloid leukemia Phytomedicine. 2016;23(3):243– 52.
- Salvador JAR, Carvalho JFS, Neves MAC, Silvestre SM, Leitão AJ, Silva MMC, et al. Anticancer steroids: linking natural and semi-synthetic Nat Prod Rep [Internet]. 2013;30(2):324–74. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/ c2np20082a.
- Taylor WG, Elder JL, Chang PR, Richards Microdetermination of diosgenin from fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum) seeds. J Agric Food Chem [Internet]. 2000;48(11):5206–10. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jf000467t.
- Naik A, Gadgoli C, Patil N, Salunkhe Simultaneous Estimation for Diosgenin, Charantin and Hydroxychalcone from Herbal Antidiabetic Formulation using Validated HPTLC Method. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Quality Assurance. 2023;14(3):612–7.
- Chevallier A. Encyclopedia of herbal medicine: natural health. Dorling Kindersley Book, USA; 2000.
- Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center [Internet]. About herbs botanicals and other Available from: http://www.mskcc. org/mskcc/ html/11570.cfm.
- Zhang F, Shen B, Jiang W, Yuan H, Zhou H. Hydrolysis extraction of diosgenin from Dioscorea nipponica Makino by sulfonated magnetic solid J Nanopart Res [Internet]. 2019;21(12). Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11051- 019-4702-3.
- Arya P, Kumar P. Diosgenin: An ingress towards solving puzzle for diabetes treatment. J Food Biochem [Internet]. 2022;46(12):e14390. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ 14390
- Pawar HA. Extraction, analysis and applications of diosgenin: A systematic review. International Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Analysis. 2020;7:1–1.
- Sethi G, Shanmugam M, Warrier S, Merarchi M, Arfuso F, Kumar A, et al. Pro-apoptotic and anti-cancer properties of diosgenin: A comprehensive and critical review. Nutrients [Internet]. 2018;10(5):645. Available from: http://dx.doi. org/10.3390/nu10050645.
- Cai B, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Xu D, Jia Y, Guan Y, et al. Therapeutic potential of diosgenin and its major derivatives against neurological diseases: recent advances. Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity. 2020.
- Wang Y, Chi Y, Zhang W, Yang Q, Yang S, Su C, et al. Structural diversity of diosgenin hydrates: Effect of initial concentration, water volume fraction, and solvent on crystallization. Cryst Growth Des [Internet]. 2016;16(3):1492–501. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.cgd.5b01609.
- Yang ZH, Bing FE, Li-Ping KA, Bin LI, Hz H, Co Y-W, et al. Biotransformation of Dichotomin by pectinex BE Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines. 2009;7(5):381–9.
- Feixiong CH, Mingrui ZH, Lu FE, Baozeng RE. Measurement and correlation for solubility of diosgenin in some mixed Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering. 2014;22(2):170–6.
- Okawara M, Tokudome Y, Todo H, Sugibayashi K, Hashimoto Enhancement of diosgenin distribution in the skin by cyclodextrin complexation following oral administration. Biol Pharm Bull [Internet]. 2013;36(1):36–40. Available from: http:// dx.doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b12-00467.
- Rathore P, Daniel K, Daniel V, Singh C, Gupta Estimation of Active Components in Gokshura Tablet and Pushyanug Churna Formulation using High-performance Thin Layer Chromatography Method. International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology. 2022;12(4):1507–12.
- Zhao W-Y, Hao H-Q, Xiao W, Zhu Q-S. Subcritical water extraction of Diosgenin from Dioscorea nipponica Makino and its antioxidant activity. IOP Conf Ser Earth Environ Sci [Internet]. 2020;559(1):012004. Available from: http://dx.doi. org/10.1088/1755-1315/559/1/012004.
- Rawat P, Kumar M, Srivastava A, Kumar B, Misra A, Pratap Singh S, et al. Influence of soil variation on diosgenin content profile in Costus speciosus from Indo‐Gangetic plains. Chem Biodivers [Internet]. 2021;18(6). Available from: http://dx.doi. org/10.1002/cbdv.202000977
- Li J, Yang D, Yu K, He J, Zhang Determination of diosgenin content in medicinal plants with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Planta medica. 2010;76:1915–20.
- Shu X-S, Gao Z-H, Yang X-L. Supercritical fluid extraction of sapogenins from tubers of Smilax china. Fitoterapia [Internet]. 2004;75(7–8):656–61. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.2004.06.011
- Huang C-H, Liu D-Z, Jan T-R. Diosgenin, a plant-derived sapogenin, enhances regulatory T-cell immunity in the intestine of mice with food J Nat Prod [Internet]. 2010;73(6):1033–7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np900690z
- Ghoreishi SM, Bataghva E, Dadkhah AA. Response surface optimization of essential oil and diosgenin extraction from Tribulus terrestris via supercritical fluid technology. Chem Eng Technol [Internet]. 2012;35(1):133–41. Available from: http:// doi.org/10.1002/ceat.201100091
- Wani SA, Bishnoi S, Kumar P. Ultrasound and microwave assisted extraction of diosgenin from fenugreek seed and fenugreek-supplemented J Food Meas Charact [Internet]. 2016;10(3):527–32. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11694-016-9331-2
- Patel K, Gadewar M, Tahilyani V, Patel DK. A review on pharmacological and analytical aspects of diosgenin: a concise report. Nat Products Bioprospect [Internet]. 2012;2(2):46–52. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13659-012-0014-3
- Raju J, C. Diosgenin, a steroid saponin constituent of yams and fenugreek: Emerging evidence for applications in medicine. In: Bioactive Compounds in Phytomedicine. InTech; 2012.
- Arya P, Munshi PM, Kumar Diosgenin: Chemistry, Extraction, Quantification and Health Benefits. Food Chemistry Advances. 2022.
- Ravikanth K, Anil K, Deepak T, Anirudh S, Sudheer H, Abhinay C, et al. Quality assurance by effective manufacturing process validation. Int J Pharm Qual Assur. 2015;6(4):109–13.
- Gouras GK, Olsson TT, Hansson O. β-Amyloid peptides and amyloid plaques in Alzheimer’s disease. Neurotherapeutics [Internet]. 2015;12(1):3–11. Available from: http://dx.doi. org/10.1007/s13311-014-0313-y
- Tohda C, Urano T, Umezaki M, Nemere I, Kuboyama T. Diosgenin is an exogenous activator of 1, 25D3-MARRS/Pdia3/ ERp57 and improves Alzheimer’s disease pathologies in 5XFAD Scientific reports. 2012;2.
- Tohda C, Lee YA, Goto Y, Nemere Diosgenin-induced cognitive enhancement in normal mice is mediated by 1, 25D3-MARRS. Scientific reports. 2013;3.
- Binesh A, Devaraj SN, Halagowder Atherogenic diet induced lipid accumulation induced NFκB level in heart, liver and brain of Wistar rat and diosgenin as an anti-inflammatory agent. Life Sci [Internet]. 2018;196:28–37. Available from: http://dx.doi. org/10.1016/j.lfs.2018.01.012
- Du L, Zhang Y, Chen Y, Zhu J, Yang Y, Zhang H-L. Role of microglia in neurological disorders and their potentials as a therapeutic Mol Neurobiol [Internet]. 2017;54(10):7567–84. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12035-016-0245-0
- Liu W, Zhu M, Yu Z, Yin D, Lu F, Pu Y, et al. Therapeutic effects of diosgenin in experimental autoimmune J Neuroimmunol [Internet]. 2017;313:152–60. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneuroim.2017.10.018
- Xiao L, Guo D, Hu C, Shen W, Shan L, Li C, et al. Diosgenin promotes oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation through estrogen receptor-mediated ERK1/2 activation to accelerate remyelination. Glia [Internet]. 2012;60(7):1037–52. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/glia.22333
- Chen X-B, Wang Z-L, Yang Q-Y, Zhao F-Y, Qin X-L, Tang X-E, et al. Diosgenin glucoside protects against spinal cord injury by regulating autophagy and alleviating Int J Mol Sci [Internet]. 2018;19(8):2274. Available from: http://dx.doi. org/10.3390/ijms19082274
- Zhu S, Tang S, Su F. Dioscin inhibits ischemic strokeinduced inflammation through inhibition of the TLR4/MyD88/NFκB signaling pathway in a rat model. Molecular Medicine Reports. 2018;17(1):660–6.
- Zhang X, Xue X, Zhao J, Qian C, Guo Z, Ito Y, et al. Diosgenin attenuates the brain injury induced by transient focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion in rats. Steroids [Internet]. 2016;113:103–12. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.steroids.2016.07.006
- Tao X, Sun X, Yin L, Han X, Xu L, Qi Y, et al. Dioscin ameliorates cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury through the downregulation of TLR4 signaling via HMGB-1 Free Radic Biol Med [Internet]. 2015;84:103–15. Available from: http:// dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2015.03.003
- Ho Y-J, Tai S-Y, Pawlak CR, Wang A-L, Cheng C-W, Hsieh M-H. Behavioral and IL-2 responses to diosgenin in ovariectomized Chin J Physiol [Internet]. 2012;55(2):91–100. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.4077/CJP.2012.BAA011
- Yang R, Chen W, Lu Y, Li Y, Du H, Gao S, et al. Dioscin relieves endotoxemia induced acute neuro-inflammation and protect neurogenesis via improving 5-HT Sci Rep [Internet]. 2017;7:40035. Available from: http://dx.doi. org/10.1038/srep40035
- Zhao W-X, Wang P-F, Song H-G, Sun N. Diosgenin attenuates neuropathic pain in a rat model of chronic constriction injury. Mol Med Rep [Internet]. 2017;16(2):1559–64. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2017.6723
- Kiasalari Z, Rahmani T, Mahmoudi N, Baluchnejadmojarad T, Roghani Diosgenin ameliorates development of neuropathic pain in diabetic rats: Involvement of oxidative stress and inflammation. Biomed Pharmacother [Internet]. 2017;86:654–61. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopha.2016.12.068
- Lee B-K, Kim C-J, Shin M-S, Cho YS. Diosgenin improves functional recovery from sciatic crushed nerve injury in J Exerc Rehabil [Internet]. 2018;14(4):566–72. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.12965/jer.1836340.170
- Lepage C, Liagre B, Cook-Moreau J, Pinon A, Beneytout Cyclooxygenase-2 and 5-lipoxygenase pathways in diosgenininduced apoptosis in HT-29 and HCT-116 colon cancer cells. International journal of oncology. 2010;36(5):1183–91.
- Lepage C, Léger DY, Bertrand J, Martin F, Beneytout JL, Liagre Diosgenin induces death receptor-5 through activation of p38 pathway and promotes TRAIL-induced apoptosis in colon cancer cells. Cancer Lett [Internet]. 2011;301(2):193–202. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.canlet.2010.12.003
- Chiang C-T, Way T-D, Tsai S-J, Lin J-K. Diosgenin, a naturally occurring steroid, suppresses fatty acid synthase expression in HER2-overexpressing breast cancer cells through modulating Akt, mTOR and JNK phosphorylation. FEBS Lett [Internet]. 2007;581(30):5735–42. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.2007.11.021
- Srinivasan S, Koduru S, Kumar R, Venguswamy G, Kyprianou N, Damodaran C. Diosgenin targets Akt-mediated prosurvival signaling in human breast cancer cells. Int J Cancer [Internet]. 2009;125(4):961–7. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ 24419
- Chen P-S, Shih Y-W, Huang H-C, Cheng H-W. Diosgenin, a steroidal saponin, inhibits migration and invasion of human prostate cancer PC-3 cells by reducing matrix metalloproteinases expression. PLoS One [Internet]. 2011;6(5):e20164. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0020164
- Chang HY, Kao MC, Way TD, Ho CT, Fu E. Diosgenin suppresses hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)-induced epithelial- mesenchymal t ransition by down-regulation of Mdm 2 and vimentin. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 2011;59(10):5357–63.
- Liu M, Xu Y, Han X, Yin L, Xu L, Qi Y, et al. Author Correction: Dioscin alleviates alcoholic liver fibrosis by attenuating hepatic stellate cell activation via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway. Sci Rep [Internet]. 2020;10(1):18384. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-74987-w
- Fernández-Herrera MA, López-Muñoz H, Hernández-Vázquez JM, López-Dávila M, Escobar-Sánchez ML, Sánchez-Sánchez L, et al. Synthesis of 26-hydroxy-22- oxocholestanic frameworks from diosgenin and hecogenin and their in-vitro antiproliferative and apoptotic activity on human cervical cancer CaSki cells. Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry. 2010;18(7):2474–84.
- Khan H, Saeed M, Rauf A, Khan MA, Muhammad Antimicrobial and inhibition on heat-induced protein denaturation of constituents isolated from Polygonatum verticillatum rhizomes. Nat Prod Res [Internet]. 2015;29(22):2160–3. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786419.2014.996150
- Rabablert J, Tiewcharoen S, Auewarakul P, Atithep T, Lumlerdkij N, Vejaratpimol R, et al. Anti-amebic activity of diosgenin on Naegleria fowleri trophozoites. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2015;46(5):827–34.
- Turchan J, Pocernich CB, Gairola C, Chauhan A, Schifitto G, Butterfield DA, et al. Oxidative stress in HIV demented patients and protection ex vivo with novel antioxidants. Neurology [Internet]. 2003;60(2):307–14. Available from: http://dx.doi. org/10.1212/01.wnl.0000042048.85204.3d
- Uemura T, Hirai S, Mizoguchi N, Goto T, Lee JY, Taketani K, et al. Diosgenin present in fenugreek improves glucose metabolism by promoting adipocyte differentiation and inhibiting inflammation in adipose tissues. Molecular nutrition & food research. 2010;54:1596–608.
- Uemura T, Goto T, Kang M-S, Mizoguchi N, Hirai S, Lee J-Y, et al. Diosgenin, the main aglycon of fenugreek, inhibits LXRα activity in HepG2 cells and decreases plasma and hepatic triglycerides in obese diabetic mice. J Nutr [Internet]. 2011;141(1):17–23. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.3945/ 110.125591.