International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology
Volume 14, Issue 4

Impact of Particle Size of Acyclovir Loaded Mucoadhesive Microcapsules on Drug Release Characteristics

Giri IC*, Ramanunny AK

Department of Pharmacy, Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur-302017, Rajasthan. India 

Received: 1st Aug, 2024; Revised: 19th Nov, 2024; Accepted: 2nd Dec, 2024; Available Online: 25th Dec, 2024

ABSTRACT

This study focuses on the preparation and evaluation of prolonged-release acyclovir (ACV)-loaded mucoadhesive microcapsules using the emulsion solvent evaporation technique with sodium CMC as a mucoadhesive and rate-retarding polymer. The microcapsules exhibited a high yield (92.67–97.85%), drug entrapment efficiency (72.79–92.17%), and mucoadhesion (62–73%). Particle size ranged between 250 µm (F1) and 302 µm (F4), increasing with polymer concentration. In vitro drug release studies conducted in pH 1.2 phosphate buffer revealed an inverse relationship between polymer concentration and release rate. Smaller microcapsules (F1) demonstrated faster drug release (95% in 12 hours), while larger microcapsules (F4) showed sustained release (55% in 12 hours). These insights underscore the importance of optimizing particle size to achieve desired therapeutic outcomes. This study provides valuable data for the development of tailored microcapsule formulations, improving the efficacy and compliance of ACV therapy.

Keywords: Acyclovir, microcapsules, particle size, drug release, mucoadhesion

How to cite this article: Giri IC, Ramanunny AK. Impact of Particle Size of Acyclovir Loaded Mucoadhesive Microcapsules on Drug Release Characteristics. International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology. 2024;14(4):2108-13 doi: 10.25258/ijddt.14.4.23

REFERENCES

  1. Khandbahale       Microencapsulation-A      novel approach in drug delivery: A review. Asian Journal ofResearch in Pharmaceutical Science. 2020;10(1):39- 50.
  2. Baryakova TH, Pogostin BH, Langer R, McHugh KJ. Overcoming barriers to patient adherence: the case for developing innovative drug delivery systems. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery. 2023 May;22(5):387-409.
  3. Hua S. Advances in oral drug delivery for regional targeting in the gastrointestinal tract-influence of physiological, pathophysiological and pharmaceutical factors. Frontiers in pharmacology. 2020 Apr 28;11:524.
  4. Kumar R, Islam T, Nurunnabi M. Mucoadhesive carriers for oral drug delivery. Journal of Controlled Release. 2022 Nov 1;351:504-59.
  5. Komati S, Swain S, Rao ME, Jena BR, Dasi V. Mucoadhesive multiparticulate drug delivery systems: An extensive review of patents. Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin. 2019 Oct;9(4):521.
  6. Lopes CM, Bettencourt C, Rossi A, Buttini F, BarataOverview on gastroretentive drug delivery systems for improving drug bioavailability. International journal of pharmaceutics. 2016 Aug 20;510(1):144-58.
  7. Mansuri S, Kesharwani P, Jain K, Tekade RK, Jain Mucoadhesion: A promising approach in drug delivery system. Reactive and functional polymers. 2016 Mar 1;100:151-72.
  8. Andrei G, Snoeck R. Advances and perspectives in the management of varicella-zoster virus infections. Molecules. 2021 Feb 20;26(4):1132.
  9. Vaithianathan S, Haidar SH, Zhang X, Jiang W, Avon C, Dowling TC, Shao C, Kane M, Hoag SW, Flasar MH, Ting Effect of common excipients on the oral drug absorption of biopharmaceutics classification system class 3 drugs cimetidine and acyclovir. Journal of pharmaceutical sciences. 2016 Feb 1;105(2):996-
  10. 1005.
  11. Ates M, Kaynak MS, Sahin S. Effect of permeability enhancers on paracellular permeability of acyclovir. Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 2016 Jun;68(6):781-90.
  12. Lengyel M, Kállai-Szabó N, Antal V, Laki AJ, Antal Microparticles, microspheres, and microcapsules for advanced drug delivery. Scientia Pharmaceutica. 2019;87(3):20.
  13. Jantzen GM, Robinson JR. Sustained-and controlled- release drug delivery systems. Drugs and The Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2002;121:501-28.
  14. Yoo JW, Doshi N, Mitragotri S. Adaptive micro and nanoparticles: temporal control over carrier properties to facilitate drug delivery. Advanced drug delivery reviews. 2011 Nov 1;63(14-15):1247-56.
  15. Tao Y, Lu Y, Sun Y, Gu B, Lu W, Pan Development of mucoadhesive microspheres of acyclovir with enhanced bioavailability. International journal of pharmaceutics. 2009 Aug 13;378(1-2):30-6.
  16. Shivhare UD, Chhabra GS, Mathur VB, Patel SB. Microencapsulation of acyclovir into Eudragit S100 using emulsion-solvent evaporation method. Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology. 2011;4(4):652-
  17. Ben ES, Nofita R, Rusdi S, Suardi M, Djamaan A. Use of eudragit RS PO in the formulation of acyclovir hollow-microspheres by solvent evaporation Der Pharm Lett. 2016;8(11):53-9.
  18. Amin ML, Ahmed T, Mannan MA. Development of floating-mucoadhesive microsphere for site specific release of metronidazole. Advanced pharmaceutical bulletin. 2016 Jun;6(2):195.
  19. Sriram N, Katakam P. Formulation and evaluation of mucoadhesive microspheres of pioglitazone hydrochloride prepared by ionotropic external gelation technique. Journal of Encapsulation and Adsorption sciences. 2016 Mar 2;6(1):22-34.
  20. Bashir Khan A, Sharnagat Thakur R. Formulation and evaluation of mucoadhesive microspheres of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for intravaginal use. Current drug delivery. 2014 Feb 1;11(1):112-22.
  21. Jyothi NV, Prasanna PM, Sakarkar SN, Prabha KS, Ramaiah PS, Srawan    Microencapsulationtechniques, factors influencing encapsulation efficiency. Journal of microencapsulation. 2010 May 1;27(3):187-97.
  22. Lee H, Choi CH, Abbaspourrad A, Wesner C, Caggioni M, Zhu T, Weitz DA. Encapsulation and enhanced retention of fragrance in polymer microcapsules. ACS applied materials & interfaces. 2016 Feb 17;8(6):4007-13.
  23. Wong CY, Al-Salami H, Dass CR. Microparticles, microcapsules and microspheres: A review of recent developments and prospects for oral delivery of International journal of pharmaceutics. 2018 Feb 15;537(1-2):223-44.
  24. Wu Y, Zhang W, Huang J, Luo Z, Li J, Wang L, Di L. Mucoadhesive improvement of alginate microspheres as potential gastroretentive delivery carrier by blending with Bletilla striata polysaccharide. International journal of biological macromolecules. 2020 Aug 1;156:1191-201