International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology
Volume 14, Issue 4

A Comparative Study on the Anti-Diabetic Activity of Ficus racemosa Linn. Leaves (Moraceae) and Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb. Leaves (Ebenaceae)

Khardiya M1*, Jeyabalan G2

1Faculty of Pharmacy, Rajasthan University of Health Sciences, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India

2Alwar Pharmacy College, M.I.A. North Ext. Alwar, Rajasthan, India

Received: 29th Jul, 2024; Revised: 16th Oct, 2024; Accepted: 3rd Nov, 2024; Available Online: 25th Dec, 2024

ABSTRACT

Diabetes mellitus, the most common long-term metabolic disease, is characterized by abnormalities in either insulin action or secretion, or both. A serious public health issue is the substantial morbidity and death of late-diabetic complications. The World Health Organisation (WHO) states that the lack of ability of current modern therapies to control all pathological aspects of diabetes mellitus, their high cost, and their limited availability for many rural populations in developing countries make alternative strategies urgently needed. Measured as a metabolic regulator of insulin activity was glucose. Diabetic individuals are known to have impaired glucose homeostasis and elevated plasma glucose. The current study found that when Diospyros melanoxylon leaves (DML) and Ficus racemose leaves (FRL) extracts were given to diabetic rats, the levels of GlyHb and plasma glucose were recovered, and insulin, C-peptide, and Hb parameters were elevated. Diabetic rats also had reduced levels of insulin, C-peptide, and Hb when compared to normal control rats. An important observation of antidiabetic efficacy was made for the DML and FRL extracts. On the last day, diabetic control was significantly different from both normal control and other drug-treated groups (DRL and FRL). The groups' differences on the first day were significant at the 0.05 level. The current investigation showed that the direct destruction of ß-cells by streptozotocin caused diabetes. The diabetic pancreas with streptozotocin ultra-structure revealed significantly fewer islets langerhans and deficient islets. There was pancreatic islet regeneration in the diabetic rats. The ability of DML and FRL variety extract to regenerate pancreatic cells through the exocrine cells of the pancreas may shed light on the beneficial effects of these agents on insulin production.

Keywords: Ficus racemose leaves, Diospyros melanoxylon leaves, Diabetes mellitus, STZ

How to cite this article: Khardiya M, Jeyabalan G. A Comparative Study on the Anti-Diabetic Activity of Ficus racemosa linn. Leaves (Moraceae) and Diospyros Melanoxylon roxb. Leaves (Ebenaceae). International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology. 2024;14(4):2114-19. doi: 10.25258/ijddt.14.4.24

REFERENCES

  1. Piero NM, Joan MN, Cromwell KM, Joseph NJ, Wilson NM, Daniel Maina, Peter K Gathumbi and Eliud N Njagi, Hypoglycemic effects of some Kenyan plants traditionally used in management of diabetes mellitus in eastern province, J. Diabetes Metab, 2011;2(8):1-6. DOI: 10.4172/2155-6156.1000155
  2. Cahill, G. , Jr & Boston, MD Physiology of insulin in man : The Banting Memorial Lecture 1971, Diabetes, 1971;20(12):785-799.
  3. Piero M. N., G. M. Nzaro, & J. M. Njagi. Diabetes mellitus – a devastating metabolic disorder. Asian J. of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, 2014; 04(40):1-7.DOI:10.15272/ajbps.v4i40.645
  4. Balasundram, N., Sundram, K., Samman, S., Phenolic compounds in plants and agri-industrial by-products: Antioxidant activity, occurrence, and potential uses. 2006;99:191-203. DOI: org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.07.042
  5. Bedoya, J., Solano, F., & Lucas, M., N-monomethyl- arginine and nicotinamide prevent streptozotocin- induced double strand DNA break formation in pancreatic rat islets. Experientia, 1996;52:344-347. DOI: 10.1007/BF01919538.
  6. Pellegrino, M., Broca, C., Gross, R., Roye, M., Manteghetti, M., & Hillaire Buys, D., Development of a new model of type II diabetes in adult rats administered with streptozotocin and nicotinamide. Diabetes, 1998;                           47:224-229.  DOI: 2337/diab.47.2.224.
  7. Murali, B., Upadhyaya, U. M., & Goyal, R. K., Effect of chronic treatment with Enicostemma littorale in non- insulin-dependent diabetic (NIDDM) J. of ethnopharmacology,2002;81(2):199-204.DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(02)00077-6.
  8. Ewart, R. B., Kornfeld, S., & Kipnis, D. M., Effect of lectins on hormone release from isolated rat islets of Langerhans. Diabetes, 1975;24(8):705-714. DOI: 2337/diab.24.8.705.
  9. Oyelola, O., Moody, J. O., Odeniyi, M. A., & Fakeye,O., Hypoglycemic effect of Treculia Africana decne root bark in normal and alloxan-induced diabetic rats. African J. of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines, 2007;4(4):387-391. DOI: 10.4314/ajtcam.v4i4.31233
  10. Kakimoto, T., Kimata, H., Iwasaki, S., Fukunari, A., Automated recognition and quantification of pancreaticislets in Zucker diabetic fatty rats treated with exendin- 4, J. Endocrinology, 2013;216(1):13– 20. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1530/JOE-12-0456
  11. Golson, M. L. et al., Activated FoxM1 attenuates streptozotocin mediated β-cell death. Endocrinology, 2014;28(9):1435–1447. DOI: 10.1210/me.2014-1024
  12. Montilla, et al., Protective effect of Montilla-Moriles induced by streptozotocin in the rat. J. Nutr. Biochem, 2004;15(11):688–693.DOI:10.1016/j.jnutbio.2004.06.006
  13. Kamalakannan, N., Ravi, L., & Prince, P. S. M., Antihyperglycaemic and antioxidant effect of rutin, a polyphenolic flavonoid, in streptozotocin-induced diabetic Wistar Basic & Clinical Pharmacology & Toxicology, 2006;98(1):97–103. DOI: 10.1111/j.1742- 7843.2006.pto_241.x
  14. Palaniappan Seedevi., Abirami Ramu Ganesan., Meivelu Moovendhan, Mohan, K., Palaniappan , Sivakumar Loganathan., ShanmugamVairamani., &Annaian Shanmugam., Anti- diabetic activity of crude polysaccharide and rhamnose enriched polysaccharide from G. lithophila on Streptozotocin (STZ)-induced in Wistar rats. Scientific Reports, 2020;10(1):556,1-10. DOI:10.1038/s41598- 020-57486-w
  15. Chaouki Selles., Houria Medjdoub., Mohammed El Amine , Meriem Zerriouh., &Boufeldja Tabti, Anti- diabetic activity of aqueous root extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum L. in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. J. of Medicinal Plants Research, 2012;6(16):3193-3198. DOI: 10.5897/JMPR11.1693
  16. Edem, D. O., Hypoglycemic effects of ethanolic extracts of alligator pear seed (Persea americana mill) in rats, European J. of Scientific Research, 2009;33(4): 669–678.
  17. Latner, A., Clinical biochemistry, In: Carbohydrate metabolism: Abnormalities of post absorptive blood sugar level, 2nd Philadelphia: WB Saunders Co., 1988;48.
  18. Pessin, J. E., & Saltiel, A. R., Signaling pathways in insulin action, molecular targets of insulin J. Clin. Invest, (2000);106(2):165-169.DOI: 10.1172/JCI10582
  19. DeFronzo, R. A., Bonadonna, R. C., & Ferrannini, E., Pathogenesis of in vitro A balanced overview. J Agric Food Chem Diabetes Care, 1992;15:318–368. DOI: 10.2337/diacare.15.3.318