International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology
Volume 14, Issue 4

Evaluation of In vitro Antacid Activity of Two Evolvulus Spp. and Formulation of a Novel Drug Delivery System Using the Crude Plant Powder

Welipitiya WPWD1, Hettiarachchi HUV1, Kumara TDMTS1, Madushani KHS1, Dias NTB1, Jayasuriya WJABN1*, Arawwawala LDAM2, Suresh TS3

1Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Allied Health Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka.

2Industrial Technology Institute, Bauddhaloka Mawatha, Colombo 07, Sri Lanka.

3Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Animal House and Centre for Plant Materials and Herbal Products Research, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka

Received: 6th Nov, 2023; Revised: 23rd Oct, 2024; Accepted: 3rd Dec, 2024; Available Online: 25th Dec, 2024 

ABSTRACT

The study investigates the pharmacognosy and in vitro antacid activity of Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. and Evolvulus nummularius (L.) L. plant species, that would be used in the formulation of a stable antacid dosage form. Pharmacognostic analyses, phytochemical screenings, and in vitro gastric acid-neutralising activity assay were performed on both of the species. Formulated E. alsinoides chewable granules were subjected to stability assessments under accelerated conditions.alsinoides and E. nummularius resulted in more fibres and more crystals in the respective powder samples. Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of both plants produced positive results for common phytochemicals (e.g., flavonoids, alkaloids, phenolics, etc.), but cardiac glycosides were absent in aqueous extracts. Antacid activities of E. alsinoides and E. nummularius were statistically significant (p<0.001) with the respective negative controls. The granules formulated usingalsinoides plant powder were sufficiently stable in pH value (pH: 5.36±0.01), chemical composition, and acid- neutralising activity (0.16±0.00 H+ mmol) throughout the study period. Detailed pharmacognostic characteristics revealed by this study can be used in the differentiation of E. alsinoides and E. nummularius. Both species possess significant antacid activity. Although the in vitro bioactivity of formulated granules remained constant under accelerated conditions, their stability performances have to be improved.

Keywords: Antacid, Chewable granules, Convolvulaceae, Pharmacognosy, Stability testing

How to cite this article: Welipitiya WPWD, Hettiarachchi HUV, Kumara TDMTS, Madushani KHS, Dias NTB, Jayasuriya WJABN, Arawwawala LDAM, Suresh TS. Evaluation of In vitro Antacid Activity of Two Evolvulus Spp. and Formulation of a Novel Drug Delivery System Using the Crude Plant Powder. International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology. 2024;14(4):1954-61. doi: 10.25258/ijddt.14.4.3

REFERENCES 

  1. David B, Wolfender JL, Dias DA. The pharmaceutical industry and natural products: Historical status and new trends. Phytochemistry Reviews. 2015; 14(2):299-315.
  2. Sethiya NK, Trivedi A, Patel MB, Mishra SH. Comparative pharmacognostical investigation on four ethanobotanicals traditionally used as Shankhpushpi in India. Journal of Advanced Pharmaceutical Technology and Research. 2010; 1(4):388-395.
  3. Chen GT, Lu Y, Yang M, Li JL, Fan Medicinal uses, pharmacology, and phytochemistry of Convolvulaceae plants with central nervous system efficacies: A systematic review. Phytotherapy Research. 2018; 32(5):823-864.
  4. Sultana R. Rahman AM. Convolvulaceae: A taxonomically and medicinally important morning glory family. International Journal of Botany Studies. 2016; 1(3):47-52.
  5. Kulatunga R, Jayakody J, Hewageegana H, Ariyawansa H, Ratnasooriya W. Gastroprotective activity of Evolvulus alsinoides powder. Australian Journal of Medical Herbalism. 2005; 17(2):55-60.
  6. Hewageegana HGSP, Ariyawansa HAS, Ratnasooriya WD. Gastroprotective activity of the paste of Evolvulus alsinoides (vishnukranti kalka) in rats. Vidyodaya Journal of Science. 2006; 13:23-31.
  7. World Health Quality control methods for herbal materials. World Health Organization, Geneva. 2011.
  8. Irshad S, Misra PK, Rawat AKS, Khatoon S. Authentication of commercial samples of Shankhpushpi through physicophytochemical analysis and TLC fingerprinting. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge. 2016; 15(4):646-653.
  9. Wambatuwewa WMKB. Pharmacognostic studies on Pterocarpus santalinus f. and Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. M.Phil. Thesis. University of Sri Jayewardenepura. 2009.
  10. Okamoto H, Haruhara K, Kamejima S, Mafune H, Manabe M, Kanzaki G, Mashiko H, Yokoo Is granular formulation of lanthanum carbonate more effective than chewable tablets? Therapeutic Apheresis and Dialysis. 2014; 18(S 1):23-27.
  11. Bajaj S, Singla D, Sakhuja N. Stability testing of pharmaceutical products. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2012; 2(3):129-138.
  12. El-Shiekh RA, Al-Mahdy DA, Hifnawy MS, Abdel- Sattar EA. Pharmacognostical study of Ochrosia elliptica (Apocynaceae). Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science. 2019; 9(5):49-57.
  13. Morsy Phytochemical analysis of biologically active constituents of medicinal plants. Main Group Chemistry. 2014; 13(1):7-21.
  14. Thabrew MI, Arawwawala LDAM. An overview of in vivo and in vitro models that can be used for evaluatinganti-gastric ulcer potential of medicinal plants. Austin Biology. 2016; 1(2).
  15. Jayasuriya WJABN, Hettiarachchi HUV, Kumara TDMTS, Dias NTB, Arawwawala LDAM, Suresh TS. Formulation and evaluation of antacid effect of effervescent granules containing extracts of Evolvulus alsinoides. Pharmaceutical Journal of Sri Lanka. 2022; 12(1):9-19.
  16. World Health Organization. Stability testing of active pharmaceutical ingredients and finished pharmaceutical products. World Health Organization, Geneva. 2018.
  17. British Pharmacopoeia Commission. British Pharmacopoeia. Stationery Office, London. 2019.
  18. Irshad S, Pragyadeep S, Rawat AKS, Misra P, KhatoonComparative pharmacognostical studies of two medicinally important Indian Evolvulus species. Indian Journal of Traditional Knowledge. 2015; 14(4):564-571.
  19. Berretta C, Poë S, Stovin Moisture content behaviour in extensive green roofs during dry periods: The influence of vegetation and substrate characteristics. Journal of Hydrology. 2014; 511:374-386.
  20. Sachan AK, Kumar A. Stability testing of herbal products. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research. 2015; 7(12):511-514.
  21. Omogbai B, Eze F. Phytochemical screening and susceptibility of bacteria pathogens to extracts of Evolvulus alsinoides. Science World Journal. 2011; 6(1):5-8.
  22. Gomathi D, Kalaiselvi M, Ravikumar G, Devaki K, Uma C. GC-MS analysis of bioactive compounds from the whole plant ethanolic extract of Evolvulus alsinoides (L.) L. Journal of Food Science and 2015; 52(2):1212-1217.
  23. Lirazan M, Jesselyn Cua S, Russelle Alvarez In vitro antacid screening of the aqueous and ethanolic leaf extracts of Triticum aestivum (Linn.) and Hordeum vulgare (Linn.). Oriental Journal of Chemistry. 2018; 34(1):93-99.
  24. Gupta P, Akanksha SKB, Siripurapu KB, Ahmad A, Palit G, Arora A, Maurya R. Anti-stress constituents of Evolvulus alsinoides: An ayurvedic crude drug. Chemical and Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 2007; 55(5):771-775.
  25. Sujayil TK, Dhanaraj TS. Determination of bioactive compounds in Evolvulus alsinoides leaf extract using GC-MS technique. Research Journal of Life Sciences, Bioinformatics, Pharmaceutical and Chemical 2016; 2(3):31-38.
  26. Aulton ME, Taylor KMG, Aulton’s pharmaceutics: The design and manufacture of medicines. 4th ed. Churchill Livingstone, London. 2013.
  27. Voisin EM, Ruthsatz M, Collins JM, Hoyle PC. Extrapolation of animal toxicity to humans: Interspecies comparisons in drug development. Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology. 1990; 12(2):107-116.
  28. Kumar PS, Sravani N. Formulation and in-vitro characterisation of vilazodone immediate release tablets. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Research. 2019; 10(6):2879-2883.
  29. Friedman M, Jürgens HS. Effect of pH on the stability of plant phenolic compounds. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry. 2000; 48(6):2101-2110.
  30. Bhaskaran B. Rationality of pharmaceutical preparations in Ayurveda. Journal of Ayurveda and Integrated Medical Sciences. 2016; 1(3):124-127.