Objectives: Adenium obesum has a long history of usage in management of inflammatory illnesses; the current research intends to learn more about its phytochemical composition and assess its anti-arthritic and anti-inflammatory efficacy in vitro using an ethanolic extract and column fractions. Methods:The plant was gathered, identified and Soxhlet apparatus used to extract it ethanol. A preliminary phytochemical screening was conducted in order to find out important constituents. Seven solvent systems were used to carry out TLC profiling to assist in proper fractionation. Subsequently, column chromatography was done and four pooled fractions were produced onbase of comparable TLC pattern. The stability of HRBC membrane was used to assess anti-arthritic action in vitro, whereas suppression of COX-2 was used to test anti-inflammatory capability.The GC-MS based analytical method was used to conclude bioactive compound in crude extract. Results:TLC profiling confirmed the presence of single spots with distinct Rf values across solvent systems. HRBC assay revealed that Fraction 4 showed the highest membrane stabilization at 100 µg/mL (91.80%), comparable to Aspirin (93.45%). In COX-2 inhibition assay, Fraction 3 exhibited the highest inhibition (72.08% at 100 µg/mL) associated to standard (85.06%). GC-MS analysis identified citronellal (64.37%), linalool (3.04%), and terpinen-4-ol (1.06%) among others, compounds well-documented for their anti-inflammatory activities. Conclusion:Identification and extraction ethanol with Soxhlet apparatus was performed on the plant. The initial screen of phytochemical was carried out to determine significant constituents. TLC profiling was done in seven solvent systems that helped in proper fractionation. Column chromatography was then performed and four fractions were pooled according to shared similar pattern of TLC results. The in vitro determination of anti-arthritic action was performed via HRBC membrane stabilization test and inhibitory response was evaluated in a COX-2 test. Identification of the bioactive compound in crude extract was done based on the analytical method of GC-MS.
Keywords: Adenium obesum, anti-arthritic, anti-inflammatory, HRBC assay, COX-2 inhibition, GC-MS, phytochemical analysis, column chromatography
How to cite this article: Patel A, Kakade T, Deshpande A, Kothawade K, Shaikh W, Daphal G, Phytochemical Investigation of Adenium obesum Plant Ethanolic Extract Fractions for Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Int J Drug Deliv Technol. 2025;15(4): 1750-1761, DOI: 10.25258/ijddt.15.4.26