Phytochemical Investigation and In-vitro Antiulcer Activity Evaluation of Flavonoids Rich Fraction of Alternanthera sessilis Leaf Ethanolic Extract

Arshu Patel*¹, Punam Jadhav¹, Ajay Deshpande², Kishor Kothawade³, Wasim Shaikh⁴, Gajanan Daphal⁴

¹Pravara Rural College of Pharmacy, Pravaranagar, Loni, Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
²Yashodeep College of Pharmacy, Saralgaon, Affiliated to Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra, India.
³Shree Gurudatta Shikshan Sanstha's College of Pharmacy, Manur, Affiliated to Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
⁴SSBT’s Institute of Pharmacy, Bambhori, Jalgaon, Affiliated to Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Technological University, Lonere, Dist. Raigad, Maharashtra, India

Received: 4^th Aug, 2025; Revised: 14^th Sep 2025; Accepted: 15^th Nov, 2025; Available Online: 30^th Nov, 2025

ABSTRACT

Objectives: Examining the acid-neutralizing ability, H⁺/K⁺ ATPase and Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase modulation of the flavonoid-rich fraction of Alternanthera sessilis leaf ethanolic extract, as well as its phytochemical profile and in-vitro antiulcer efficacy, were the primary goals of the research. Methods: Leaves of A. sessilis were collected, shade-dried, and extracted using Soxhlet extraction with ethanol. Preliminary phytochemical screening and TLC profiling were performed, followed by column chromatography to obtain two major fractions. GC-MS analysis identified key bioactive compounds in both fractions. Among them, Fraction 2, enriched in flavonoids, was selected for In-vitro evaluation. Antiulcer assays included Acid Neutralizing Capacity (ANC), H⁺/K⁺ ATPase and Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase inhibition models using standard protocols with omeprazole and ouabain as reference drugs. Results: Fraction 2 demonstrated the highest ANC of 120 mEq/g at 100 mg concentration compared to calcium carbonate (37.8 mEq/g). In H⁺/K⁺ ATPase inhibition assay, Fraction 2 showed 58.90% inhibition at 100 µg/mL with an IC₅₀ of 91.1 µg/mL, whereas omeprazole had an IC₅₀ of 55.9 µg/mL. Similarly, in the Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase assay, Fraction 2 exhibited 43.50% inhibition at 100 µg/mL (IC₅₀: 91.1 µg/mL), compared to 80.51% inhibition by ouabain (IC₅₀: 55.9 µg/mL). The optimized fraction was selected based on GC-MS profiling and comparative bioactivity across all In-vitro assays. Conclusion: The optimized flavonoid-rich fraction of A. sessilisshows significant antiulcer potential via multi-targeted mechanisms and offers a promising, natural alternative for acid-related disorders. These findings support further in-vivo validation and highlight the potential for future clinical translation as a standardized phytopharmaceutical.

Keywords: Alternanthera sessilis; Flavonoids; Antiulcer; H⁺/K⁺ ATPase; Na⁺/K⁺ ATPase; GC-MS; Phytotherapy.

How to cite this article: Patel A; Jadhav P; Deshpande A; Kothawade K; Shaikh W; Daphal G, Phytochemical Investigation and In-vitro Antiulcer Activity Evaluation of Flavonoids Rich Fraction of Alternanthera sessilis Leaf Ethanolic Extract. Int J Drug Deliv Technol. 2025;15(4): 1783-1793, DOI: 10.25258/ijddt.15.4.31