1*Research Scholar, Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
2Deputy Director, Amity Institute of Pharmacy, Amity University, Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh, India.
3Professor, College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India.
4Associate Professor, Teerthanker Mahaveer College of Pharmacy, Teerthanker Mahaveer University, Moradabad, Uttar Pradesh, India
Ludwigia palustris (L.) Elliott is an ethnomedicinal aquatic macrophyte with documented antioxidant and antibacterial activities in crude extracts, yet spectroscopically confirmed characterization of its individual phytoconstituents has remained absent from the literature. The present study reports, to the best of our knowledge, the first isolation and structural elucidation of bioactive compounds from the chloroform and ethanol extracts of this species. Successive solvent extraction followed by thin-layer chromatography (TLC)-guided column chromatography yielded four compounds in quantities adequate for complete spectroscopic characterization. Structural identities were established by FT-IR, LC-MS (ESI⁺/ESI⁻, ACCUCORE C18), ¹H NMR, and ¹³C NMR (Bruker AVANCE NEO, 500/125 MHz), and purity was confirmed by melting point determination. The isolated compounds were identified as: rutin (quercetin-3-O-rutinoside, C₂₇H₃₀O₁₆, mp 194–196°C), quercetin (3,3′,4′,5,7-pentahydroxyflavone, C₁₅H₁₀O₇, mp 314–317°C), ethyl gallate (ethyl 3,4,5-trihydroxybenzoate, C₉H₁₀O₅, mp 150–152°C), and oleanolic acid (3β-hydroxyolean-12-en-28-oic acid, C₃₀H₄₈O₃, mp 308–310°C). Quercetin was identified as a compound common to both extracts, confirmed by co-TLC, FT-IR, and melting point comparison. A comprehensive literature search across SciFinder, PubMed, Reaxys, and Google Scholar confirmed no prior spectroscopic isolation reports for these compounds from L. palustris. DPPH radical scavenging activity of the pure isolated compounds followed the order: ethyl gallate (IC₅₀ 14.16 μg/mL) > quercetin (IC₅₀ 16.27 μg/mL) > rutin (IC₅₀ 19.10 μg/mL) > oleanolic acid (IC₅₀ 33.53 μg/mL), with ascorbic acid as positive control (IC₅₀ 12.94 μg/mL). The identification of flavonol glycosides, a phenolic ester, and an oleanane-type triterpenoid establishes the first chemotaxonomic profile for this species within the genus Ludwigia and provides a molecular basis for its previously documented bioactivities.
KEYWORDS: Ludwigia palustris; Rutin; Quercetin; Ethyl gallate; Oleanolic acid; Column chromatography; Onagraceae; Chemotaxonomy; Pentacyclic triterpenoid
How to cite this article: Rathi VK, Sikarwar MS, Shukla PK. Spectroscopic Characterisation of Bioactive Constituents Isolated from Ludwigia Palustris (L.) Elliott. Int J Drug Deliv Technol. 2026;16(10s): 345-364; DOI: 10.25258/ijddt.16.10s.47.
Source of support: Nil.
Conflict of interest: None