1Sree Dattha Institute of Pharmacy, Sheriguda, Ibrahimpatnam, Rangareddy district, 501510, Telangana, India
2*VISTAS Off Campus Centre, Vels Institute of Science, Technology & Advanced Studies (VISTAS), Periyapalayam Road, Manjankaranai Village, Uthukkottai Taluk, Tiruvallur - 601102, Tamil Nadu, India. Email: devinov15@gmail.com
3SGT College of Pharmacy, SGT University, Gurugram, Haryana, 122505, India
4Scient Institute of Pharmacy, Khanapur (Village), Nagarjuna Sagar Highway Road, Ibrahimpatnam, Ranga Reddy Dist., Telangana, 501511, India
5Himalayan Institute of Pharmacy, Kala Amb, Sirmour, Himachal Pradesh, 173030, India
6Nagpur College of Pharmacy, Wanadongri, Hingna Road, Nagpur, Maharashtra, India 441110
7School of Pharmacy, Vishwakarma University, Pune (M.S.), India
8Fabtech College of Pharmacy, Sangola, Maharashtra, 413307, India
Objective: The research was planned to make Risperidone Niosomes made through the film hydration method and optimized using a central composite design (CCD).
Materials and Methods: Niosome formulations were optimized using a three-level, two-factor CCD. The input factors were the concentrations of Brij 58 (X₁) and Brij 72 (X₂), and the response variable was the entrapment of Risperidone (Y₁). The optimized niosomes were assessed and served as the foundation for subsequent elastic vesicle development.
Results: The optimal niosome formulation, containing 150 mg each of Brij 58 and Brij 72, exhibited enhanced entrapment efficiency (85.6 ± 2.12%). These niosomes demonstrated a desirable particle size of 215 ± 5.87 nm (RN-5) and zeta potential values ranging from -39.00 ± 0.82 mV to -52.36 ± 1.56 mV. However, the polydispersity index (PDI) of the prepared niosomes varied considerably, with values ranging from 0.378 ± 0.01 (RN-6) to 0.80 ± 0.02 (RN-1).
Conclusion: The study successfully developed niosomes using the CCD, a statistical method that optimizes formulation parameters like surfactant concentration, cholesterol content, and hydration time. This approach enabled the identification of optimal conditions for niosome formation, resulting in desirable assets viz., particle size and encapsulation. The findings demonstrate the effectiveness of CCD in optimizing pharmaceutical formulations and elevate the importance of niosomes as drug delivery carriers.
Keywords: Central Composite Design, Drug delivery, Entrapment, Niosomes, Risperidone
How to cite this article: Kumar YG, Devibala PK, Shrivastav S, Babu JD, Chauhan J, Devhare LD, Thakur A, Kazi SM. Enhancing Risperidone Delivery through Optimized Niosomal Formulation Using Central Composite Design. Int J Drug Deliv Technol. 2026;16(10s): 741-748; DOI: 10.25258/ijddt.16.10s.87
Source of support: Nil.
Conflict of interest: None