1*PhD Scholar, Department of Pharmacy, SHS, Sushant University
2Professor, Department of Pharmacy, SHS, Sushant University
3Professor, Department of Pharmacy, SHS, Sushant University
This study aimed to develop and evaluate a ginger (Zingiber officinale) oil-based nanoemulsion for potential use as a biopesticide. Eight nanoemulsion formulations were made using varying concentrations of water, Tween 80 as a surfactant, olive oil, and ginger oil. To ascertain the formulations' stability, surface interaction, and antioxidant capability, important physicochemical characteristics such as zeta potential, pH, retention capacity, contact angle, and total phenolic content were examined.
The zeta potential values showed moderate to great electrostatic stability for the nanoemulsions, ranging from −18.2 mV to −33.3 mV. As oil and surfactant concentrations increased, more negative zeta potential values were found, suggesting improved colloidal stability. All formulations had pH values between 6.1 and 6.7, which is within the slightly acidic range and appropriate for agricultural and biological uses.
Surface adhesion and spreading behavior were assessed using retention and contact angle measurements. Contact angles varied from 69° to 57°, while retention values varied from 78% to 93%. Better wettability and spreading capacity of the nanoemulsion on surfaces were evidenced by lower contact angles. Formulation 6 (7.5% ginger oil, 7.5% olive oil, 15% Tween 80, and 70% water) had the best balanced performance of all the formulations, exhibiting great surface coverage and adherence with a low contact angle (59°) and extremely high retention (93%).
The total phenolic content was determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu technique and expressed as gallic acid equivalents (µg GAE/ml). Between 85 and 168 µg GAE/ml, the phenolic content rose as oil and surfactant concentrations increased. With a high phenolic content of 145 ± 1.8 µg GAE/ml, Formulation 6 demonstrated excellent antioxidant capability and efficient bioactive ingredient encapsulation.
Overall, the findings show that raising the quantities of oil and surfactant improves the nanoemulsion's stability, surface performance, and phenolic content. Formulation 6 was the most promising option for biopesticides applications among the studied formulations because it offered the best combination of physicochemical stability, high retention, good wettability, and potent antioxidant qualities.
Keywords: Nanoemulsion, Biopesticides, Zingiber Officinale, Physiochemical characters
How to cite this article: Sharma A, Dhankhar N, Sinha J. Physiochemical Characterization of Nanoemulsion Based Biopesticides Using Zingiber Officinale. Int J Drug Deliv Technol. 2026;16(10s): 809-818; DOI: 10.25258/ijddt.16.10s.96
Source of support: Nil.
Conflict of interest: None