International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology
Volume 16, Issue 13s, 2026

Clinical Monitoring of Patients Receiving Repeated Intravitreal Pharmacotherapy: A Multidisciplinary Approach

Haziel Rynjah1, Ayush Wilson2, Ankita Konwar3, Sourabh De4, Replantful Chiangkata5, Mrityunjoy Bose6

1Assistant Professor, Department of Optometry, Royal Global University, Assam, India

2Assistant Professor, Department of Optometry, Sushant University, Gurgaon, India

3M.OPTOM Student, Department of Optometry, Royal Global University, Assam, India

4Assistant Professor, Department of Optometry, Chandigarh School of Business (CGC) University, Punjab, India

5Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy, University of Science and Technology Meghalaya (USTM), Meghalaya, India

6PhD Scholar, Department of Optometry, Assam Down Town University


ABSTRACT

Background: For several retinal illnesses, such as neovascular age-related macular degeneration, diabetic macular edema, and retinal vein occlusion, the conventional treatment is repeated intravitreal injections of anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF), e.g., Ranibizumab, Aflibercept, Bevacizumab medicines and corticosteroids. Patients frequently need long-term injections, so it's important to monitor them closely to see how they are responding to treatment, identify any problems, and prevent their vision from worsening.

Objective: Optometrists are very important in the co-management of these patients since they do full visual and ocular exams between injection appointments. This review discusses optometric evaluation protocols, structural and functional monitoring strategies, complications associated with repeated intravitreal therapy, and the role of optometrists in optimizing patient outcomes.

Keywords: Corticosteroid, intravitreal, anti-VEGF therapy, optometric monitoring, retinal diseases

How to cite this article: Rynjah H, Wilson A, Konwar A, De S, Chiangkata R, Bose M. Clinical Monitoring of Patients Receiving Repeated Intravitreal Pharmacotherapy: A Multidisciplinary Approach. Int J Drug Deliv Technol. 2026;16(13s): 546-548. DOI: 10.25258/ijddt.16.13s.60

Source of support: Nil.

Conflict of interest: None