1*Research Scholar, Department of Pharmacology, Sri Balaji Vidya Peeth, Puducherry 607402, India; Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Sri Balaji Vidyapeeth, Pillaiyarkuppam, Puducherry. Email: rejeena.sanar@gmail.com
2Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and Research Institute, Sri Balaji Vidya Peeth (Deemed to be University), Ammapettai, Chengalpattu District, Tamilnadu-603108
3Professor and HOD, Department of Pharmacology, NITTE College of Pharmacy, Bengaluru, Karnataka
4Professor, Department of Physiology, Shri Sathya Sai Medical College and RI, (SBV Chennai campus) Tiruporur-Gudvanchery main road, Ammapettai, Nellikuppam Post, Chengalpattu District, 603108. Email: gladmohesh@gmail.com
Osteoporosis is a Chronic skeletal muscle disorder characterized by low bone mineral density (BMD) and deterioration of bone structure leading to an increased risk of fragility fractures. The condition is typically asymptomatic and remains undiagnosed until fractures manifest. Despite the fact both men and women are equally suspectable to osteoporosis generally women with estrogen deficiency serves as a principal etiological factor for fragility fractures. A wide range of pharmaceutical medicines are currently used to treat osteoporosis However, traditional medicines have more potential therapeutic value of has gained increasing scientific scrutiny, as synthetic treatments are frequently linked with a broad spectrum of adverse effects and limited efficacy. The current survey includes overview of medicinal plants encompassing with scientific name, parts used, phytochemical constituents and proven pharmacological actions and probable therapeutic effects in the management of osteoporosis. Natural compounds including phytoestrogens with estrogenic effects (e.g. genistein, daidzein, icariin, estrogenic isoflavones, formononetins), antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agents (e.g gingerols, shagoals, eleutherosides, ferulic acid, urosolic acid), treatments that exert their effects by multiple actions (e.g. withania somnifera, Urtica diocia, Rubia cordifolia, salvia miltiorrhiza) could offer a safer alternative to primary pharmacological approaches. This study emphasizes pharmaceutical and natural substances on their mode of action on bone remodelling, osteoclastogenesis, osteoblastogenesis, cell activity, apoptosis and oxidative stress to treat osteoporosis. To verify their effectiveness and safety as anti-osteoporotic treatments, further excellent clinical research on natural substances is necessary.
Keywords: Osteoporotic fragility fractures, Bone remodelling and apoptosis, Osteoblastogenesis, Osteoclastogenesis, Phytochemical constituents, Phytoestrogens, Antioxidants and Antiinflammatory agents.
How to cite this article: Rejeena M, Saradha S, Yogesh HS, Glad Mohesh MI. A Comprehensive Review of The Existing Pharmacological and Natural Products for Osteoporosis Therapy. Int J Drug Deliv Technol. 2026;16(15s): 743-758. DOI: 10.25258/ijddt.16.15s.84
Source of support: Nil.
Conflict of interest: None