Objective:The objective of the present study was to develop and evaluate an ethosome based topical gel for enhanced transdermal delivery of Dapsone in order to improve drug permeation, stability, and therapeutic efficacy of drug. Methods:Ethosomal formulations (F1–F9) were prepared and optimized based on vesicle size, zeta potential, and encapsulation efficiency. Drug–excipient compatibility was assessed using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Optimized ethosomes were incorporated into Carbopol 934-based gels (G1–G9) and evaluated for physicochemical parameters including drug content, pH, viscosity, and spreadability. In-vitro drug release and ex-vivo skin permeation studies were conducted to evaluate transdermal performance. Morphological characterization was carried out using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Stability studies were performed for three months. Results:The prepared ethosomes showed vesicle sizes ranging from 110.2 to 176.7 nm, zeta potential values between −13.2 and −21.7 mV, and high encapsulation efficiency. Among all formulations, F3 exhibited the smallest vesicle size and optimal release behavior. The optimized ethosomal gel (G3) demonstrated high drug content (77.15%), suitable pH (7.2), and good spreadability. In-vitro and ex-vivo studies indicated sustained drug release up to 89.45% over 24 hours with enhanced skin permeation compared to conventional gels. TEM and SEM confirmed spherical vesicles with uniform distribution. Stability studies showed no significant changes in formulation characteristics. Conclusion:The optimized ethosomal gel proved to be a stable and effective transdermal delivery system for DAP, offering improved drug release, skin permeation, and potential therapeutic benefits..
Keywords: Ethosomes, Topical delivery, Ethosomal gel, Encapsulation studies, Drug diffuse study, Stability
How to cite this article: Maurya P, Gupta T, Gilhotra R, Dhakad PK; Effect of Sonication on the Characterization of Dapsone Ethosomal gel,..Int J Drug Deliv Technol. 2026;16(1s): 512-517; DOI: 10.25258/ijddt.16. 512-517