1Research Scholar, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Premnagar Dehradun - 248007, India. Email: palash1976biswas@gmail.com; ORCID: 0009-0005-2658-3536
2Professor and Dean, Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Premnagar, Dehradun - 248007, India. Email: jakhmola.1979@gmail.com
3Professor & Principal, Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose Institute of Pharmacy, Chakdaha, (MAKAUT, Kalyani), West Bengal, 741222, India. Email: arnabsamanta@yahoo.com
*Corresponding Author: Palash Chandra Biswas, Research Scholar, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uttaranchal Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Uttaranchal University, Premnagar Dehradun - 248007, India. Email: palash1976biswas@gmail.com
Received: 16th Dec, 2025; Revised: 8th Feb 2026; Accepted: 12th Feb, 2026; Available Online: 28th Feb, 2026
Researchers often look to medicinal plants as initial sources for creating more effective pharmaceuticals. This work aims to test the antioxidant, cytotoxic, and antiproliferative effects of methanolic extracts of Annona squamosa L. leaves by analysing the polyphenolic and flavonoid fractions using phytochemical screening, uv-spectrum analysis and MTT assay of the extracts against MCF-7 cell lines. This research looks at how Cisplatin, Annona squamosa leaf extract, and green-synthesized PtNPs work together to reduce tissue toxicity and maximize antiproliferative effectiveness. Stable, spherical nanoparticles with an estimated size of 30 nm have been formed, according to UV-Vis, TEM, and Zeta potential studies. Quercetin and kaempferol, two polyphenolic chemicals with therapeutic activity, were discovered by GC-MS profiling. Peroxide scavenging technique was used to evaluate the extracts' antioxidant properties. Analyses of the extracts' cytotoxicity in human breast cancer (MCF-7) cells showed that a combination of cisplatin, PtNPs, and A. squamosa methanolic extract produces comparatively lower IC₅₀ values, proofing that, it was more effective in enhancing apoptotic activity and modulating reactive oxygen species (ROS). Molecular docking, in silico screening of the extract's phytochemicals, and the Swiss ADME online portal were all utilized in the analysis, and the research validated the receptors and protein structures used in docking analysis. These results show that Annona squamosa L. methanolic leaf extracts contain many bioactive compounds like phytol (C₂₀H₄₀O), quercetin (C₂₇H₃₀O₁₅), and kaempferol (C₁₅H₁₀O₆), which have strong antibacterial, antiproliferative, cytotoxic, and antioxidant properties. The triple combination of A. squamosa extract, PtNPs and the conventional medicine Cisplatin showed the most powerful cytotoxicity, suggesting that this combination could make the way to find out new strategies for the anticancer drug development.
Keywords: Annona squamosa, antiproliferative, In-silico analysis, PtNPs, MTT assay.
How to cite this article: Biswas PC*, Jakhmola V, Samanta A, Evaluation of Cytotoxic, Antioxidant, and Antiproliferative Effects of Annona squamosa Hydroalcoholic Leaf Extracts Through MTT Assay Against MCF-7 Cells Supported by GC–MS Profiling, Metal phytochemical Nanoparticle Formulation, and In-Silico Analysis. Int J Drug Deliv Technol. 2026; 16(2): 405-412; DOI: 10.25258/ijddt.16.2.45
Source of support: Nil.
Conflict of interest: None