Volume 16, Issue 2, 2026
Recent Advances In Pyrazoline-Based Derivatives: Synthetic Approaches, Pharmacological Potential And Molecular Docking Perspectives
Anjali1, Rajiv Yadav2, Hargun Singh1, Rajwant Kaur1*
1University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Punjab, 140413, India
2Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Baba Mastnath University Asthal Bohar, 124021 Rohtak, Haryana, India
*Corresponding author: Rajwant Kaur, University Institute of Pharma Sciences, Chandigarh University, Gharuan, Punjab, 140413, India. Email: rajivkarira@gmail.com
Received: 16th Dec, 2025; Revised: 8th Feb 2026; Accepted: 12th Feb, 2026; Available Online: 28th Feb, 2026
ABSTRACT
Pyrazoline, a versatile five-membered nitrogen-containing heterocyclic nucleus, has emerged as a cornerstone in modern medicinal chemistry due to its diverse pharmacological profile and structural adaptability. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the synthetic strategies, therapeutic applications, and molecular docking insights of pyrazoline derivatives reported predominantly between 2020 and 2025. We explore traditional synthetic routes, such as the base-catalysed condensation of chalcones with hydrazines and 1,3-dipolar cycloadditions, alongside modern "green" methodologies including microwave-assisted, ultrasound-induced, and mechanochemical synthesis. The therapeutic section highlights the multimodal biological activities of pyrazolines, encompassing anticancer, antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and neuroprotective effects. Emphasis is placed on their role as kinase inhibitors (EGFR/HER2), DNA gyrase inhibitors and selective MAO-B inhibitors for neurodegenerative disorders. Furthermore, the integration of in silico studies including molecular docking, QSAR modelling and molecular dynamics simulations is discussed as a pivotal tool for rational drug design. These computational methods have elucidated key binding interactions with targets like COX-2, HDAC, and tubulin while ADMET profiling confirms the "drug-like" potential of this scaffold. Finally, the review examines the evolving patent landscape and the burgeoning role of Machine Learning in accelerating the discovery of novel pyrazoline-based lead compounds. This synthesis of recent data underscores the pyrazoline nucleus as a high-value scaffold for the development of next-generation therapeutic agents.
Keywords: Pyrazoline Derivatives; Green Synthesis; Molecular Docking; Structure-Activity Relationship (SAR); Anticancer Agents.
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How to cite this article: Anjali, Yadav R, Singh H, Kaur R, Recent Advances in Pyrazoline-Based Derivatives: Synthetic Approaches, Pharmacological Potential and Molecular Docking Perspectives. Int J Drug Deliv Technol. 2026; 16(2): 534-561; DOI: 10.25258/ijddt.16.2.59
Source of support: Nil.
Conflict of interest: None