1Postgraduate Resident, Department of Anaesthesiology, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chromepet, Chennai – 600044, Tamil Nadu, India
2Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Regional Institute of Medical Sciences (RIMS), Imphal – 795004, Manipur, India
3Final Year Student B.Sc. Allied Health Sciences (Operation Theatre and Anaesthesia Technology), Department of Allied Health Sciences, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chromepet, Chennai – 600044, Tamil Nadu, India
4Freelance Anaesthetist, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
5Statistician / Tutor, Department of Community Medicine, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Bharath Institute of Higher Education and Research (BIHER), Chromepet, Chennai – 600044, Tamil Nadu, India. ORCID ID: 0009-0005-9992-6333
Background: Orthopaedic surgeries are frequently associated with significant perioperative blood loss due to extensive soft tissue dissection and exposure of vascular cancellous bone surfaces. Excessive blood loss during surgery may lead to haemodynamic instability and increased need for blood transfusion, which is associated with potential complications. Tranexamic acid, an antifibrinolytic agent that inhibits plasminogen activation and stabilizes fibrin clots, has been increasingly used as a pharmacological strategy to reduce perioperative bleeding in surgical practice.
Materials and Methods: This observational case–control study was conducted in the Department of Anaesthesiology at Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai. A total of 50 patients undergoing orthopaedic surgeries were included and divided into two groups of 25 patients each. Patients in Group T received intravenous tranexamic acid (500–1000 mg diluted in 100 ml normal saline) before surgical incision, while patients in Group C received 100 ml normal saline without tranexamic acid. Baseline demographic parameters, preoperative haemoglobin, and hematocrit levels were recorded. Intraoperative blood loss was estimated using suction bottle measurements and surgical sponge estimation, while postoperative blood loss was measured from surgical drains. Transfusion requirements and postoperative haemoglobin and hematocrit levels were also evaluated.
Results: Baseline demographic characteristics and preoperative hematological parameters were comparable between groups. Mean intraoperative blood loss was significantly lower in the tranexamic acid group (475 ± 86.12 ml) compared with the control group (606 ± 114.1 ml). Postoperative blood loss was also reduced in the tranexamic acid group (16.08 ± 6.7 ml) compared with controls (22.72 ± 9.39 ml). Intraoperative transfusion was required in 12% of patients in Group T compared with 60% in Group C, while postoperative transfusion was required in 8% of patients in Group T compared with 36% in Group C. Postoperative haemoglobin and hematocrit levels were higher in the tranexamic acid group.
Conclusion: Tranexamic acid significantly reduces perioperative blood loss and transfusion requirements in orthopaedic surgeries and represents an effective and safe adjunct for perioperative blood management.
Keywords: Tranexamic Acid; Orthopedic Procedures; Blood Loss, Surgical; Perioperative Care; Blood Transfusion; Antifibrinolytic Agents; Orthopedic Surgery; Hemostasis; Anesthesia.
How to cite this article: Shadokpam D, Sanayaima Devi H, Dharshini A, Sridhar V, Kumaran S. To Evaluate The Efficacy Of Tranexamic Acid In Reducing Perioperative Blood Loss And Transfusion Requirements In Orthopaedic Surgeries. Int J Drug Deliv Technol. 2026;16(2): 724-731. DOI: 10.25258/ijddt.16.2.77
Source of support: Nil.
Conflict of interest: None