1 Post Graduate Resident, Department of medicine, School of Medical Sciences and Research (SMS&R), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
2 Post Graduate Resident, Department of medicine, School of Medical Sciences and Research (SMS&R), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
3* Professor & Head, Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences and Research (SMS&R), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India (Corresponding Author)
4 Post Graduate Resident Department of Medicine, School of Medical Sciences and Research (SMS&R), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
5 Post graduate Resident Department of General Medicine, School of Medical Sciences and Research (SMS&R), Sharda University, Greater Noida, Uttar Pradesh, India
Background
Hypertension remains a leading contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality worldwide. The Triglyceride-Glucose (TyG) index has emerged as a practical surrogate marker for insulin resistance, with growing evidence linking elevated TyG values to hypertension risk. However, data evaluating TyG and its anthropometric derivatives across hypertension stages defined by the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) 2023 guidelines remain limited, particularly in South Asian populations.
Objectives
To evaluate the association of TyG index and TyG-derived indices (TyG-BMI, TyG-WC, TyG-WHR, TyG-WHtR) with hypertension staging according to ESH 2023 criteria in newly detected, treatment-naive hypertensive patients.
Methods
This cross-sectional observational study enrolled 200 participants (100 newly diagnosed hypertensive cases and 100 age- and sex-matched normotensive controls) at a tertiary care hospital in Northern India. TyG index was calculated as Ln[TG(mg/dL) × FPG(mg/dL)/2]. TyG-derived indices incorporating BMI, waist circumference, waist-hip ratio, and waist-height ratio were computed. Cases were staged per ESH 2023 criteria. Statistical analyses included Welch's t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation.
Results
Hypertensive cases demonstrated significantly higher TyG index compared with controls (9.366 ± 0.274 vs 8.504 ± 0.252; p < 0.001). TyG index increased progressively across ESH grades: Grade 1 (9.169 ± 0.152), Grade 2 (9.364 ± 0.116), and Grade 3 (9.517 ± 0.107); ANOVA p < 0.001. All TyG-derived indices were significantly elevated in cases (p < 0.01 to p < 0.001). TyG correlated strongly with systolic (r = 0.783) and diastolic blood pressure (r = 0.741), both p < 0.001.
Conclusion
TyG index and its derived parameters are significantly elevated in newly diagnosed hypertensive patients and demonstrate a graded increase across ESH 2023 hypertension stages. These accessible, cost-effective markers may serve as useful adjuncts for cardiovascular risk stratification.
Keywords: Triglyceride-glucose index; TyG index; Hypertension staging; ESH 2023 guidelines; Insulin resistance; Cardiovascular risk
How to cite this article: Ansari A, Kaushik RD, Sharma D, Singla L, Goyal V. Comparative Evaluation of TyG Index and TyG-Derived Indices for Hypertension Staging According to ESH 2023 Criteria: A Cross-Sectional Study from Northern India. Int J Drug Deliv Technol. 2026;16(21s): 522-531. DOI: 10.25258/ijddt.16.21s.55
Source of support: Nil.
Conflict of interest: Nil.