1,2,3 Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, JIS University, 81, Nilgunj Road, Agarpara, Kolkata, West Bengal - 700109.
4 Professor, College of Pharmacy, Shivalik Campus, Dehradun, Uttarakhand - 248001.
5 Assistant Professor, Vishwakarma University, School of Pharmacy, Kondwa, Pune, Maharashtra - 411048.
6 School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, IFTM University, Lodhipur Rajput, Moradabad - 244102.
7 Assistant Professor, Department of Pharmacy, CGC University, Jhanjeri, Mohali - 140307.
8 Assistant Professor, Atmiya University, Yogidham Gurukul, Kalawad Road, Rajkot, Gujarat - 360005.
Corresponding Author: Dilip Kumar Roy, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, JIS University, 81, Nilgunj Road, Agarpara, Kolkata, West Bengal - 700109. Email: dilip1097@gmail.com
Received: 20th Feb, 2026 | Revised: 4th Mar, 2026 | Accepted: 25th Mar, 2026 | Available Online: 10th Apr, 2026
The present study aimed to develop and evaluate a herbal spray formulation derived from Azadirachta indica for its in vitro antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity against multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens. A hydroalcoholic extract of neem leaves was prepared and incorporated into five different spray formulations (F1–F5) with varying concentrations to establish an optimized system. The formulations were evaluated for physicochemical properties, antimicrobial activity using agar well diffusion, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and biofilm inhibition using crystal violet assay. All formulations exhibited acceptable physicochemical characteristics, with F4 demonstrating optimal viscosity, spray pattern, and stability. Antimicrobial studies revealed a concentration-dependent increase in activity, with F4 showing significant zones of inhibition against pathogens including Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterococcus faecalis. MIC values confirmed strong antibacterial potency, particularly against gram-positive organisms. Biofilm inhibition studies demonstrated that F4 achieved greater than 75–80% inhibition across all tested strains, indicating effective disruption of biofilm architecture. The enhanced antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity was attributed to the synergistic action of phytoconstituents such as flavonoids, tannins, and terpenoids. The findings suggest that the optimized neem-based spray formulation represents a promising natural alternative for managing MDR infections and biofilm-associated complications.
Keywords: Azadirachta Indica, Herbal Spray, Antimicrobial Activity, Biofilm Inhibition, Multidrug-Resistant Pathogens, Phytochemicals.
How to cite this article: Baidya S, Roychowdhury V, Roy DK, Sanwal R, Kumawat JA, Yadav R, Makhija D, Kalubhai SM. In-Vitro Antimicrobial Pharmacological Screening And Biofilm Inhibition Assessment Of Azadirachta Indica Derived Herbal Spray Formulation Against Multidrug Resistant Pathogens. Int J Drug Deliv Technol. 2026;16(29s):22-33. DOI: 10.25258/ijddt.16.29s.5
Source of support: Nil.
Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest.