International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology
Volume 16, Issue 2s

Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Integrative Review of Contemporary Evidence of Challenges, Interventions, and Global Perspectives

Dr. Pranav R. Kurup1, Dr. Suraja R2, Dr. Ritu Randad Shah3, Dr. Navaneetha Unni4, Dr. Husna SR5

1Senior Lecturer, Department Of Public Health Dentistry, K.M. Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Deemed to be University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
Orcid Id: 0000-0001-8372-3922
2Senior Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, K.M. Shah Dental College and Hospital, Sumandeep Vidyapeeth, Deemed to be University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India.
Orcid Id: 0009-0006-5502-8061
3Senior Lecturer, Department of Public Health Dentistry, Narsinhbhai Patel Dental College and Hospital, Sankalchand Patel University, Visnagar, Gujarat, India.
Orcid Id: 0009-0000-6146-8722
4Junior Resident, Department of Psychiatry, JNMC, Wardha, Maharashtra, India.
Orcid Id: 0009-0000-3604-5866
5Senior Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopaedics, Azeezia College of Dental Science, Kollam, Kerala, India.
Orcid Id: 0009-0002-4953-5746

ABSTRACT

Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that usually manifests within the first three years of life and affects communication, social interaction, and behaviour. It represents a heterogeneous spectrum of challenges and abilities, varying significantly across individuals. This updated narrative review synthesises global literature of 25 years from 2000 to 2025 to explore the multifaceted challenges experienced by persons affected by ASD, such as social and communication difficulties, sensory processing issues, and the necessity for structured routines. Findings indicate that caregiving stress is exacerbated by financial strain and a lack of rural diagnostic services. Special emphasis is placed on Structured routines, educational strategies, and Palliative care that can be applied to improve the lives of individuals with Autism. The paper aims to serve as a resource for clinicians, educators, and policymakers, fostering early identification, inclusive education, and supportive interventions.

Keywords: Autism spectrum disorder, Early intervention, Neurodevelopmental disorders, Perception.

How to cite this article: Kurup PR, R S, Shah RR, Unni N, SR H, Autism Spectrum Disorder: An Integrative Review of Contemporary Evidence of Challenges, Interventions, and Global Perspectives. Int J Drug Deliv Technol. 2026;16(2s): 212-218; DOI: 10.25258/ijddt.16.212-218