Engineered Nanoparticles (ENPs) are produced using nanotechnology and are used in many different industries, from medicine to agriculture, electronics, and environmental cleanup. While the usage of ENPs has a range of technological and economic advantages, their continued release/production and use in the environment raise questions and issues against the potential impacts to human and ecological health. This document provides an overview of the ecological impact/hazards posed by ENPs through an evaluation of their toxicity, transport behaviour, and risk assessment. The unique characteristics of ENPs (surface area, reactivity) allow them to interact with living systems in ways that are different from bulk materials, often resulting in oxidative stress, cellular injury, and bioaccumulation in aquatic and terrestrial organisms. The transportation and fate of ENPs in air, soil, and water will be influenced by aggregation, dissolution, surface modification, and interaction with natural organic matter, thus influencing the mobility and persistence of ENPs in ecosystems. We also review current practices in risk assessment for ENP by evaluating the limitations and uncertainties associated with exposures, dose-response relationships, standardised methods to conduct risk assessments, and identifying areas where additional work is needed. There is no denying that there is an urgent need to create integrated multidisciplinary approaches when trying to understand the environmental behaviour and long term ecological impacts of engineered nanoparticles, which may facilitate the development of safer nanomaterials and contribute towards the establishment of effective regulatory policies.
Keywords: Nanoparticles, Engineered, Toxicity, Transport, Risk Assessment.
How to cite this article: Bhuyan C, Khan NA, Deka M, Goswami D, Basumatary S, Kharbyngar TU, Environmental Impact of Engineered Nanoparticles Toxicity, Transport, And Ecological Risk Assessment. Int J Drug Deliv Technol. 2026;16(2s): 298-307; DOI: 10.25258/ijddt.16.298-307