This study assesses and compares the concentrations of Calcium, Magnesium, Nitrate, Sulphate and Chloride in soils under synthetic and organic farming systems in District Ferozepur, Punjab, India. Soil samples were collected from seventeen villages, comprising twelve sites practicing synthetic farming and five sites under organic management. The results revealed that organically managed soils generally exhibited higher concentrations of calcium and magnesium, reflecting the positive influence of organic amendments on soil nutrient retention and biological activity. In contrast, nitrate concentrations were comparatively higher in synthetically managed fields, likely due to the regular application of nitrogen-based fertilizers. Sulphate and chloride concentrations showed variable trends across sites, with relatively higher values observed in some synthetically managed locations, indicating the influence of fertilizer inputs, irrigation practices, and local soil conditions on salinity-related parameters. Overall, the findings highlight distinct differences in soil nutrient dynamics between synthetic and organic farming systems and emphasize the importance of sustainable nutrient management practices for maintaining long-term soil health in the region.
Keywords: Soil Analysis, Soil Quality, Organic Farming System, Synthetic Farming System, Nutrient concentrations, Calcium, Magnesium, Nitrate, Sulphate and Chloride.
How to cite this article: Rahi T, Kaur S, Comparative Assessment of Calcium, Magnesium, Nitrate, Sulphate, and Chloride Concentrations under Synthetic and Organic Farming Systems in District Ferozepur, Punjab, India. Int J Drug Deliv Technol. 2026;16(2s): 322-329; DOI: 10.25258/ijddt.16.322-329