1,2,3,4Department of Applied Science and Humanities, Parul Institute of Technology, Parul University, Vadodara, Gujarat, India
1*Email: bharat.suthar8718@paruluniversity.ac.in
2Email: ravi.mahla41474@paruluniversity.ac.in
Graph theory offers effective methodologies for analyzing structural properties of complex networks through distance-oriented topological measures. In this work, we establish generalized closed-form expressions for the Wiener index W(G) and Degree Distance D' (G) for the Triangular Snake graph family, including Standard, Double, Triple, and Alternate variants. By applying inductive reasoning and systematic distance-sum decomposition, explicit formulas are obtained and verified against universal bounds for connected graphs.
In addition, the derived indices are interpreted within a transport-network framework, where the Wiener index represents average diffusion distance and the Degree Distance measures connectivity-weighted transport intensity. Asymptotic evaluation reveals polynomial growth behavior and scalable diffusion characteristics in multi-layered structures, providing a rigorous mathematical foundation for the analysis and design of structured drug delivery systems.
Keywords: Wiener index, Degree distance, Triangular Snake graphs, Graph invariants, Topological extensions, Pharmaceutical Network.
How to cite this article: Suthar B, Mahla R, Patel D, Modi Y. Analytical Study of Distance-Based Indices for Multi-Layered Triangular Snake Graphs with Pharmaceutical Network Applications. Int J Drug Deliv Technol. 2026;16(3): 264-274. DOI: 10.25258/ijddt.16.3.32
Source of support: Nil.
Conflict of interest: None