1*PhD student, Department of Anatomy, Laxmi Chandravansi Medical College & Hospital, Bishrampur, Palamu, Jharkhand, India. Corresponding Author.
2Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Shri Gorakshnath Medical College Hospital & Research Centre, Gorakhpur, UP, India.
3Associate Professor, Department of Forensic Medicine & Toxicology, Laxmi Chandravansi Medical College & Hospital, Bishrampur, Palamu, Jharkhand, India.
4Professor, Department of Community Medicine, Laxmi Chandravansi Medical College & Hospital, Bishrampur, Palamu, Jharkhand, India.
5Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Laxmi Chandravansi Medical College & Hospital, Bishrampur, Palamu, Jharkhand, India.
6Professor, Department of Anatomy, Laxmi Chandravansi Medical College & Hospital, Bishrampur, Palamu, Jharkhand, India.
7Biostatistician cum Tutor, Department of Community Medicine, Laxmi Chandravansi Medical College & Hospital, Bishrampur, Palamu, Jharkhand, India.
Received: 12th Dec, 2025; Revised: 12th Feb 2026; Accepted: 13th Feb, 2026; Available Online: 10th March, 2026
Introduction: Determination of sex from skeletal remains is a cornerstone in forensic identification. The distal femur exhibits notable sexual dimorphism, and its morphometric analysis can provide valuable clues for sex estimation. This study aimed to assess the intercondylar and bicondylar dimensions of adult femora and evaluate their utility in sex determination.
Materials and Methods: A total of 128 adult dry femora (64 male, 64 female; each with equal right and left sides) were analyzed. Measurements included intercondylar depth, intercondylar distance, bicondylar width, and bicondylar depth, recorded using digital vernier calipers, thread, and measuring tape. Statistical analysis was performed using Welch's t-test and paired t-test to evaluate sex differences and bilateral symmetry.
Results: Males exhibited significantly higher values than females for intercondylar distance (Right: 44.88 ± 3.39 mm vs 38.49 ± 2.85 mm; Left: 44.99 ± 3.22 mm vs 39.02 ± 2.51 mm; p < 0.001), bicondylar width (Right: 78.98 ± 3.18 mm vs 70.20 ± 5.50 mm; Left: 79.81 ± 2.15 mm vs 67.91 ± 2.88 mm; p < 0.001), and bicondylar depth (Right: 24.63 ± 1.89 mm vs 18.89 ± 1.78 mm; Left: 24.02 ± 2.13 mm vs 19.35 ± 3.80 mm; p < 0.001). Intercondylar depth showed mild dimorphism without statistical significance. Males displayed bilateral symmetry, while females exhibited minor asymmetry in certain measurements.
Conclusion: Distal femoral morphometry, particularly bicondylar width, depth, and intercondylar distance, provides reliable indicators for sex determination. These parameters can enhance forensic identification accuracy and offer valuable insights for anthropological research and orthopedic applications.
Keywords: Intercondylar depth, Bicondylar width, Bicondylar depth, Sexual dimorphism, Femur, Forensic anthropology
How to cite this article: Kumar A, Kishore K, Kumar N, Kumar V, Saini M, Singh KKP, Pallavi P. Study of Intercondylar and Bicondylar Dimension of Femur in Sex Determination. Int J Drug Deliv Technol. 2026;16(3): 494-499. DOI: 10.25258/ijddt.16.3.58
Source of support: Nil.
Conflict of interest: None