1Chaitanya (Deemed to be University), Himayatnagar Village, Moinabad Mandal, Ranga Reddy District, 500075, Telangana, India. Email: byakambram@gmail.com ORCID: 0000-0002-3837-5321
2*Chaitanya (Deemed to be University), Himayatnagar Village, Moinabad Mandal, Ranga Reddy District, 500075, Telangana, India. Email: ravinder@chaitanya.edu.in ORCID: 0000-0001-9577-4014 (Corresponding Author)
Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (API) production is a resource-intensive process, which is traditionally founded on the utilisation of toxic reagents, large volumes of solvents, and multistep reaction pathways, which represent severe environmental and economic issues. The increasing regulatory pressure and the global sustainability goals have made green chemistry a powerful paradigm of transforming the pharmaceutical manufacturing process into a more responsible one. The review addresses the current trends in green chemistry approaches applied in the production of API, particularly their approaches and their impact on the industry. The selection of green solvents and solvent minimization, catalytic and biocatalytic transformations, renewable feedstocks and safer reagents, process intensification and continuous manufacturing technologies are some of the important strategies discussed. The importance of quantitative measures of sustainability, e.g. E-factor and Process Mass Intensity, and the incorporation of life cycle assessment tools are identified as critical in assessing and informing sustainable process design. Industrial views are highlighted, showing how the implementation of green chemistry leads to waste reduction, better process efficiency, cost-saving, and resilience of supply-chain. The issues of scalability, economic investment, and regulatory compliance are also covered, as well as the emerging trends, including digital green-by-design tools and integrated manufacturing platforms. This literature review explains the importance of green chemistry in facilitating sustainable, efficient, and sustainable API production and offers an indication to researchers, process chemists, and industry stakeholders interested in developing more environmentally responsible methods of producing pharmaceuticals.
Keywords: Green chemistry, Active pharmaceutical ingredients, Sustainable API synthesis, Process intensification, Continuous manufacturing, Industrial sustainability
How to cite this article: Bojja Y, Manchal R. Green Chemistry Approaches in API Synthesis: Methods and Industrial Impact. Int J Drug Deliv Technol. 2026;16(3s): 1041. DOI: 10.25258/ijddt.16.3s.125
Source of support: Nil.
Conflict of interest: None