1 Post Graduate, Department of General Surgery, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam - 603103, Tamil Nadu, India. Email: rgsreddi180@gmail.com
2* Professor of General Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam - 603103, Tamil Nadu, India (Corresponding Author). Email: dineshkumar.t1986@gmail.com
3 Professor of General Surgery, Department of General Surgery, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam - 603103, Tamil Nadu, India. Email: drsenthilchri@gmail.com
4 Assistant Professor, Department of General Surgery, Chettinad Hospital and Research Institute, Chettinad Academy of Research and Education, Kelambakkam - 603103, Tamil Nadu, India. Email: akshayapandurangan@gmail.com
Background
Helicobacter pylori is a highly prevalent gastric pathogen implicated in chronic gastritis and its complications, including peptic ulcer disease and gastric malignancy. Despite its significant burden, institutional data on prevalence and histopathological predictors remain limited in tertiary care settings in India.
Objectives
To determine the prevalence of H. pylori infection in endoscopic gastric biopsy specimens among patients with chronic gastritis, to evaluate associated histopathological findings, and to identify independent predictors of H. pylori positivity.
Methods
A retrospective observational study was conducted at a tertiary care teaching hospital over 12 months (August 2024–July 2025). A total of 100 patients diagnosed with chronic gastritis who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy with biopsy were included using consecutive sampling. Data were collected from medical records, endoscopy registers, and histopathology reports. Variables included demographic characteristics, biopsy site, and histopathological features such as lymphoid follicles, foveolar hyperplasia, glandular atrophy, and intestinal metaplasia. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, and associations were assessed using odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals. Logistic regression analysis was used to identify independent predictors.
Results
The prevalence of H. pylori infection was 35%. Among positive cases, mild colonization was most common (46%), followed by moderate (40%) and severe (14%). Lymphoid follicles (OR = 4.50, 95% CI: 1.80–11.20, p < 0.001) and foveolar hyperplasia (OR = 2.40, p = 0.01) showed significant association with infection. On multivariate analysis, lymphoid follicles (AOR = 3.90, p = 0.002) and antral involvement (AOR = 3.20, p = 0.01) were identified as independent predictors. No significant association was observed with gender or residence.
Conclusion
The study demonstrates a 35% prevalence of H. pylori among chronic gastritis patients in a tertiary care setting. Lymphoid follicle formation and antral biopsy site involvement are strong independent predictors of infection. These findings support routine H. pylori testing and targeted biopsy strategies to improve diagnostic accuracy and guide early treatment.
Keywords: Helicobacter pylori, chronic gastritis, gastric biopsy, prevalence, lymphoid follicles, histopathology
How to cite this article: Subbaramireddy RGS, Dinesh Kumar T, Senthil Kumar, Poorani PA. Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori in Endoscopic Gastric Biopsies among Chronic Gastritis Patients: A Retrospective Study at a Tertiary Care Centre. Int J Drug Deliv Technol. 2026;16(4): 90-98. DOI: 10.25258/ijddt.16.4.11
Source of support: Nil.
Conflict of interest: None