International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology
Volume 16, Issue 5, 2026

Evaluation of the effect of various types of stress on fertility in wistar rats- An Experimental Study

Jayshree Dawane1*, Shivani Gandhi2, Reva Wani3, Sameeksha Nair4, Mahesh Brahmankar5

1* MD, PhD, Professor, Department of Pharmacology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to Be University Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra. Pin code 411043. Email: jayshree.dawane@bharatividyapeeth.edu | ORCID ID: 0000 0002 1170 0454 (Corresponding Author)

2 Intern, Department of Pharmacology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to Be University Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra. Pin code 411043. Email: shivanigandhi0505@gmail.com

3 Intern, Department of Pharmacology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to Be University Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra. Pin code 411043. Email: reva.wani@gmail.com

4 Intern, Department of Pharmacology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to Be University Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra. Pin code 411043. Email: sameevratha2020@gmail.com

5 Intern, Department of Pharmacology, Bharati Vidyapeeth Deemed to Be University Medical College, Pune, Maharashtra. Pin code 411043. Email: drmgbrahmankar@gmail.com

Received: 28th Feb, 2026; Revised: 6th March 2026; Accepted: 7th April, 2026; Available Online: 20th April, 2026

ABSTRACT

Background:

Stress is a well-established factor that negatively influences reproductive health in both humans and animals. This study investigates the impact of various stressors like restraint and immobilization, noise, cold exposure, and post-surgical stress on fertility in Wistar rats.

Objective:

To evaluate the effect of different types of stress on fertility parameters in Wistar rats.

Methods:

Male and female Wistar rats were divided into five groups: restraint/immobilization stress (2 hours/day), noise stress (1 hour/day of loud sound), cold stress (2 hours/day at 4°C), post-surgical stress and a control group without stress. The following reproductive parameters were monitored: estrous cycle regularity, mating behavior, pregnancy rate, litter size and histopathological changes. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way ANOVA.

Results:

The control group showed normal estrous cycles and high pregnancy rates. All types of stress significantly impaired fertility compared to the control group (p < 0.001). Restraint and immobilization delayed estrous cycles and reduced pregnancy rates, noise stress led to irregular cycles and fewer pregnancies, cold exposure resulted in delayed conception and smaller litter sizes, post-surgical stress caused less reproductive disruption and less effect on fertility.

Conclusion:

Exposure to various types of stress markedly disrupts reproductive function in Wistar rats, highlighting the importance of stress control in laboratory animal welfare and reproductive studies.

Keywords: Stress, Fertility, Wistar rats, Restraint stress, Noise stress, Cold exposure

How to cite this article: Dawane J, Gandhi S, Wani R, Nair S, Brahmankar M. Evaluation of the effect of various types of stress on fertility in wistar rats- An Experimental Study. Int J Drug Deliv Technol. 2026;16(5): 215-221. DOI: 10.25258/ijddt.16.5.24

Source of support: Nil.

Conflict of interest: None