1Vivek PG Mahavidhyalaya, Kalwar (Jaipur), Faculty of Chemistry, India
2Jai Narain Vyas University, Department of Chemistry, Jodhpur, India
3Faculty of Chemistry, Vivek PG Mahavidhyalaya, Kalwar (Jaipur), India
1*Corresponding Author Email: jainhimanshu1125@gmail.com
Received: 16th Dec, 2025; Revised: 8th Feb, 2026; Accepted: 12th Feb, 2026; Available Online: 28th Feb, 2026
The Sonogashira and Hiyama cross-coupling reactions are an astonishing area in synthetic organic chemistry for their effective ability to form carbon-carbon bonds. The palladium-catalyzed Sonogashira reaction, which couples aryl halides and terminal acetylenes, and the Hiyama cross-coupling reaction, which involves organosilanes and organic halides, have significantly simplified the synthesis of complex organic compounds. In the present study, the highly appreciable catalytic activity of a Bis (N-heterocyclic carbene) Palladium complex immobilized onto Fe3O4@SiO2 nano-support for both Sonogashira and Hiyama cross-coupling reactions under aerobic & green conditions is observed. The synthesized catalyst was used in combination with fluoride-free Hiyama cross-coupling reactions of aryl halides with arylsiloxanes, creating an effective technique for the synthesis of a broad range of biaryl compounds. This technique was carried out in a straightforward one-pot operation at 80°C. This protocol's characteristics include high catalytic activity, rapid catalyst-product separation using an external magnetic field, and the use of water as a green solvent. Focusing on reaction parameters and reaction yield, it was observed that the Sonogashira reaction produces excellent yields (up to 97% under copper-free, solvent-free, amine-free conditions), and the coupling products were obtained in high yields under environmentally friendly conditions.
Keywords: Palladium, Cross-coupling, Hiyama, Aryl Silanes.
How to cite this article: Khandaka H, Sepat MK, Pal C, Singh S, Kumawat A. Bis (N-Heterocyclic Carbene) Palladium Complex Immobilized Onto Fe3o4@Sio2 as a Catalyst for Sonogashira (Amine/Copper Free) and Hiyama Coupling of Arbr/Cl in Green Media. Int J Drug Deliv Technol. 2026;16(5s): 672-681; DOI: 10.25258/ijddt.16.5s.85
Source of support: Nil.
Conflict of interest: None