International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology
Volume 16, Issue 5s, 2026

Emerging Patterns of Multidrug Resistance in Clinical Pathogens

Nazmul MHM1 Deepthi Shridhar Puttur2*, Baala Sharmma K B3, Phone Myint Htoo4, Kyaw Zaw Win5, Myat Myo Naing6, Wana Hla Shwe7, Rohini Karunakaran8, Theingi Maung Maung9, Parthiban Govindarajoo3 and Sutha Devaraj1

1Graduate School of Medicine, Perdana University, Damansara Heights, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

2Department of Pharmacology, Father Muller Medical College, Mangalore, Karnataka, India

3Faculty of Medicine, Manipal University College Malaysia, Melaka, Malaysia

4International Medical School, Management and Science University, Shah Alam, Selangor, Malaysia

5Faculty of Medicine, Quest International University, Ipoh, Malaysia

6Newcastle University Medicine Malaysia, Iskandar Puteri, Johor Darul Ta'zim, Malaysia

7Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, UCSI University, Springhill, Negeri Sembilan, Malaysia

8Faculty of Medicine, AIMST University, Bedong, Kedah, Malaysia

9Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Royal College of Medicine Perak, Ipoh, Malaysia

*Correspondence: drdeepthishridhar@gmail.com
Received: 16th Dec, 2025; Revised: 8th Feb 2026; Accepted: 12th Feb, 2026; Available Online: 28th Feb, 2026

ABSTRACT

The rapid emergence of multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens has become a major global health concern, posing significant challenges to modern healthcare systems. The increasing misuse and overuse of antibiotics in clinical and agricultural settings have accelerated the development of resistance among bacterial pathogens. Multidrug resistance reduces the effectiveness of standard antimicrobial therapies and leads to prolonged illness, higher treatment costs, and increased mortality rates. This study investigates emerging patterns of multidrug resistance in clinical pathogens by analyzing antimicrobial susceptibility data collected from hospital laboratories. Statistical and machine learning–based approaches are used to identify resistance trends across different bacterial species and antibiotic classes. The findings reveal significant increases in resistance among key clinical pathogens such as Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. The results highlight the urgent need for improved surveillance systems, responsible antibiotic usage, and advanced diagnostic techniques to combat the spread of multidrug-resistant infections.

Keywords: Multidrug Resistance, Clinical Pathogens, Antibiotic Resistance, Antimicrobial Surveillance.

How to cite this article: Nazmul MHM, Puttur DS, Sharmma KB, Htoo PM, Win KZ, Naing MM, Shwe WH, Karunakaran R, Maung Maung T, Govindarajoo P, Devaraj S, Emerging Patterns of Multidrug Resistance in Clinical Pathogens. Int J Drug Deliv Technol. 2026;16(5s): 828-833. DOI: 10.25258/ijddt.16.5s.98

Source of support: Nil.

Conflict of interest: None