International Journal of Drug Delivery Technology
Volume 16, Issue 6s, 2026

Natural Anti-Inflammatory Agents from Salvia hispanica and Buxus papillosa: Targeting NF-κB, MAPK, and JAK-STAT Signaling Pathways

Alka Sharma¹*, Ravinesh Mishra², Bhartendu Sharma³

1*Research Scholar, School of Pharmacy and Emerging Sciences, Baddi University of Emerging Sciences & Technology, Baddi Makhnumajra,173205, H.P., India.

2Professor, School of Pharmacy and Emerging Sciences, Baddi University of Emerging Sciences & Technology, Baddi Makhnumajra, 173205, H.P., India.

3Associate Professor, School of Pharmacy and Emerging Sciences, Baddi University of Emerging Sciences & Technology, Baddi Makhnumajra,173205, H.P., India.


ABSTRACT

Inflammation is a complex biological response of the immune system to harmful stimuli such as pathogens, tissue injury, chemical irritants, and oxidative stress. While acute inflammation plays a protective role by eliminating injurious agents and initiate tissue repair, persistent or uncontrolled inflammation may lead to chronic inflammatory disorder. The inflammatory process involves the coordinate activation of immune cells, cytokines, enzymes, and intracellular signaling pathways such as nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), and Janus kinase–signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT).

The growing concern over adverse effects associated with synthetic antiinflammatory drugs has shifted research toward natural plantbased therapeutics. This review presents a detailed overview of cellular and molecular mechanism of inflammation. In addition, the phytochemical composition and anti-inflammatory potential of Salvia hispanica L.(chia seeds) and Buxus papillosa have been critically discussed.

Salvia hispanica L. is a rich source of omega-3 fatty acid, flavonoid, phenolic acids, and anti oxidants, which exert anti inflammatory effects by inhibiting pro inflammatory cytokines and modulating NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. Similarly, Buxus papillosa contains diverse bio-active constituents such as steroidal alkaloids, triterpenoids, flavonoid and alkaloids that shows anti-inflammatory activity through suppression of inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress

Overall, this review highlight the therapeutic relevance of Salvia hispanica L. and Buxus papillosa as natural source for the development of safer and effective plant based anti inflammatory agents, supporting their potential use as alternative in inflammation related disorders.

Keywords: Inflammation, Anti-inflammatory activitiy, Salvia hispanica, Chia seeds, Buxus papillosa, Shamshad, ;Phytochemicals, Omega-3 fatty acids, Flavonoids; Alkaloids, Triterpenoids; NF-κB pathway, MAPK pathway, JAK-STAT signaling, Oxidative stress, Natural anti-inflammatory agents

How to cite this article: Sharma A, Mishra R, Sharma B, Natural Anti-Inflammatory Agents from Salvia hispanica and Buxus papillosa: Targeting NF-κB, MAPK, and JAK-STAT Signaling Pathways. Int. J Drug Deliv Technol. 2026;16(6s): 229-246. DOI: 10.25258/ijddt.16.6s.30

Source of support: Nil

Conflict of interest: None