1*Department of Public Health, Poornima University, Jaipur 302017, Rajasthan, India
Email: dipti.kashyap@poornima.edu.in
Ageing is associated with profound and progressive alterations in immune structure and function that collectively reshape host defence across the lifespan. These changes, broadly described as immunosenescence, reflect not merely immune decline but a complex remodelling of both innate and adaptive immunity. Immunosenescence contributes to increased susceptibility to infections, diminished vaccine responsiveness, heightened cancer risk, and the paradoxical emergence of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune conditions in older adults. This review integrates current evidence on the biological drivers of immune ageing, focusing on thymic involution, lymphocyte repertoire contraction, cellular senescence, and dysregulated cytokine signalling. Particular attention is given to the clinical implications of these immune alterations and their relevance to infectious disease outcomes, cancer surveillance, and age-associated comorbidities. Emerging therapeutic and preventive strategies, including tailored vaccination approaches and immunomodulatory interventions, are critically examined. Understanding immune ageing as a dynamic and potentially modifiable process provides a foundation for developing integrated strategies to extend health span and improve quality of life in ageing populations.
Keywords: Immunosenescence, immune ageing, thymic involution, therapeutic, ageing immunity, vaccination.
How to cite this article: Kashyap D. Immune Ageing: From Cellular Remodelling to Clinical Outcomes. Int J Drug Deliv Technol. 2026;16(7s): 969-980; DOI: 10.25258/ijddt.16.7s.104
Source of support: None
Conflict of interest: None